Nie Zhou-Yu, Zhang Jia-Qi, Shen Yuan-Jia-Yi, Xi Jia-Qi, Cao Yong-Bing, Zhang Li-Chao, Li Ling
Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Front Pharmacol. 2025 Sep 3;16:1607415. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1607415. eCollection 2025.
Thromboembolism is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current methods of treating thromboembolism include anticoagulant therapy, thrombolytic therapy, and surgical removal of the thrombus. All of these treatments have some drawbacks, such as an increased risk of bleeding, limitation to fresh thrombus, and a high recurrence rate. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find effective and safe drugs for the treatment of thromboembolism. In recent years, it has been found that many natural active herbal monomers exhibit distinct advantages in treating this condition. In this review, the therapeutic effects of effective active monomers from natural herbs on thromboembolism, including flavonoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, and organic acids, were described. Furthermore, their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, inhibition of platelet aggregation and antithrombotic effects through nuclear factor NF-κB, ERK1/2, PI3K, Akt and other signaling pathways were systematically summarized. Altogether, this review provides a comprehensive summary of promising therapeutic candidate drugs for the treatment of thromboembolic diseases and aims to guide future preclinical and clinical research for novel, safe and effective antithrombotic therapies.
血栓栓塞是全球发病和死亡的主要原因。目前治疗血栓栓塞的方法包括抗凝治疗、溶栓治疗和手术清除血栓。所有这些治疗方法都有一些缺点，如出血风险增加、对新鲜血栓的局限性以及高复发率。因此，迫切需要找到有效且安全的治疗血栓栓塞的药物。近年来，已发现许多天然活性草药单体在治疗这种疾病方面具有明显优势。在这篇综述中，描述了天然草药中有效活性单体对血栓栓塞的治疗作用，包括黄酮类、多酚类、生物碱类、萜类、皂苷类和有机酸类。此外，还系统总结了它们通过核因子NF-κB、ERK1/2、PI3K、Akt等信号通路产生的抗氧化、抗炎、抑制血小板聚集和抗血栓作用。总之，这篇综述全面总结了治疗血栓栓塞性疾病有前景的候选治疗药物，旨在指导未来新型、安全、有效的抗血栓治疗的临床前和临床研究。
