Saeed Khwaja Mir Islam, Hakim Mir Salamuddin, Zahed Ajmal, Safi Khatera, Hasanzada Fatema, Rasooly Mohammad Hafiz, Saeedzai Sayed Attaullah
Afghanistan Field Epidemiology Training Program (AFETP) Afghanistan National Public Health Institute Kabul Afghanistan.
Graduate of Afghanistan Field Epidemiology Training Program Kabul Afghanistan.
Health Sci Rep. 2025 Sep 16;8(9):e71250. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.71250. eCollection 2025 Sep.
Kidney stone disease affects many people annually, impairing the quality of their life and health. Several risk factors such as family history, chronic diseases and diet have been reported to cause kidney stones. Reports and data show that there is an increasing pattern in the incidence of kidney stones.
This study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with kidney stone disease in Nimroz province of Afghanistan.
This hospital-based case-control study was conducted in Red Crescent Hospital (RCH) in Nimroz province during June-August 2021. Case was any patient with kidney stone diagnosed by ultrasonography and the control was a patient without kidney stone. Both were attending outpatient department of the target hospital at the time of data collection. The nonprobability purposive sampling technique was used. A face-to-face interview was carried out using a structured questionnaire. Bivariate and multi-variate analysis using Chi-square test, t-test, and multiple logistic regressions were performed to calculate -values and odds ratio with 95% confidence interval.
A total of 378 participants were interviewed (188 cases and 190 controls). The mean of age was 34.4 with 11.5 SD. The bivariate analysis in the study revealed a statistically significant association between kidney stones and occupation, BMI, family history, kidney disease, heart disease, blood pressure, and asthma. in addition, the multiple logistic regression results showed that daily use of salt and water, weekly use of eggs and diary, and age were also associated with kidney stones after adjustment of confounders.
The risk of kidney stones was found high among those with positive family history, > 30 BMI, and chronic ill patients. Cases who used more eggs and diary on a weekly base, and drunk less water and consumed excessive salt on a daily base were also more likely to have developed kidney stones. Families and the community should be educated about the modifiable risk factors of kidney stones.
肾结石疾病每年影响着许多人，损害他们的生活质量和健康。据报道，诸如家族病史、慢性病和饮食等多种风险因素会导致肾结石。报告和数据显示，肾结石的发病率呈上升趋势。
本研究旨在确定阿富汗尼姆鲁兹省与肾结石疾病相关的风险因素。
这项基于医院的病例对照研究于2021年6月至8月在尼姆鲁兹省的红新月医院（RCH）进行。病例为通过超声诊断患有肾结石的任何患者，对照为无肾结石的患者。在数据收集时，两者均在目标医院的门诊部就诊。采用非概率目的抽样技术。使用结构化问卷进行面对面访谈。使用卡方检验、t检验和多元逻辑回归进行双变量和多变量分析，以计算P值和95%置信区间的比值比。
共采访了378名参与者（188例病例和190例对照）。平均年龄为34.4岁，标准差为11.5。该研究中的双变量分析显示，肾结石与职业、体重指数、家族病史、肾病、心脏病、血压和哮喘之间存在统计学上的显著关联。此外，多元逻辑回归结果显示，在调整混杂因素后，每日盐和水的摄入量、每周鸡蛋和奶制品的摄入量以及年龄也与肾结石有关。
发现家族病史阳性、体重指数>30以及慢性病患者患肾结石的风险较高。每周食用较多鸡蛋和奶制品、每日饮水较少且摄入过量盐的病例也更有可能患肾结石。应向家庭和社区宣传肾结石的可改变风险因素。
