Hu Shiling, Loureiro Ashley, Zhang Chuchu
Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Trends Neurosci. 2025 Oct;48(10):780-791. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2025.08.003. Epub 2025 Sep 18.
Nausea serves as a protective response against harmful ingested stimuli but can also be experienced as a discomforting aspect of various conditions. Recent insights have emerged regarding neural pathways and molecular mechanisms linked to this sensation. This often involves complex interactions of interoceptive neural pathways with the digestive, endocrine, and immune systems. This review summarizes recent findings using non-emetic (e.g., rodents) and emetic (e.g., ferrets, shrews, dogs) mammalian models to explore the molecular mechanisms of nausea, particularly in understudied malaise states. By investigating how nausea is triggered across different contexts, we aim to clarify the general sensory principles governing this response and to promote a shift in therapeutic research - from a top-down, observational paradigm to a bottom-up, mechanism-driven approach.
恶心是对有害摄入刺激的一种保护性反应，但也可能是各种病症中令人不适的一个方面。关于与这种感觉相关的神经通路和分子机制，最近有了一些新见解。这通常涉及内感受神经通路与消化、内分泌和免疫系统的复杂相互作用。本综述总结了利用非催吐（如啮齿动物）和催吐（如雪貂、鼩鼱、狗）哺乳动物模型来探索恶心分子机制的最新研究结果，特别是在研究较少的不适状态方面。通过研究恶心在不同情境下是如何触发的，我们旨在阐明支配这种反应的一般感觉原理，并推动治疗研究从自上而下的观察范式转向自下而上的机制驱动方法。
