Samadian Zahra, Samadian Laya, Arabzadeh Ehsan
Department of Sport Sciences, Ur.C, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran.
Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
Metab Brain Dis. 2025 Sep 20;40(7):271. doi: 10.1007/s11011-025-01710-x.
Recent studies have demonstrated that insulin and its receptors play a vital role in the central nervous system, supporting neuronal survival, regulating energy metabolism, and facilitating synaptic plasticity-processes fundamental to learning and memory. Therefore, disruption of insulin signaling and glucose metabolism in the central nervous system impairs cognitive function and plays a role in the induction of dementia, such as AD. In the central nervous system, increased insulin sensitivity and proper insulin signaling affect the molecular cascades underlying plasticity, learning, and memory. Therefore, increasing brain insulin sensitivity is a preventive and therapeutic strategy in the prevalence and prevention of neurodegenerative disorders. It has been confirmed that in muscle, liver, and brain tissues, regular exercise training (including aerobic, resistance, and high-intensity exercise) with standard intensity and frequency, undoubtedly plays an important role in improving insulin sensitivity. The effects of exercise training on improving brain insulin sensitivity can be explained by multiple mechanisms. Since muscle contraction can have endocrine effects by secreting secretomes (especially myokines), it seems that one of the precise mechanisms of the effect of exercise training and exercise-induced muscle contraction on brain insulin sensitivity is these myokines. This review examines the roles and mechanisms of multiple myokines in enhancing brain insulin sensitivity, along with the metabolic interactions between muscle and the central nervous system. Clinical tips for the type, dose, and intensity of exercise to increase myokines related to the central nervous system are also presented.
最近的研究表明，胰岛素及其受体在中枢神经系统中起着至关重要的作用，支持神经元存活、调节能量代谢并促进突触可塑性，而突触可塑性是学习和记忆的基础过程。因此，中枢神经系统中胰岛素信号传导和葡萄糖代谢的破坏会损害认知功能，并在痴呆症（如阿尔茨海默病）的诱发中起作用。在中枢神经系统中，增加的胰岛素敏感性和适当的胰岛素信号传导会影响可塑性、学习和记忆背后的分子级联反应。因此，提高大脑胰岛素敏感性是预防和治疗神经退行性疾病流行的一种策略。已经证实，在肌肉、肝脏和脑组织中，以标准强度和频率进行的常规运动训练（包括有氧运动、抗阻运动和高强度运动）无疑在提高胰岛素敏感性方面起着重要作用。运动训练对提高大脑胰岛素敏感性的影响可以通过多种机制来解释。由于肌肉收缩可通过分泌分泌组（尤其是肌动蛋白）产生内分泌效应，因此运动训练和运动诱导的肌肉收缩对大脑胰岛素敏感性产生影响的精确机制之一似乎就是这些肌动蛋白。本综述探讨了多种肌动蛋白在增强大脑胰岛素敏感性中的作用和机制，以及肌肉与中枢神经系统之间的代谢相互作用。还介绍了增加与中枢神经系统相关的肌动蛋白的运动类型、剂量和强度的临床提示。
