Ni Yi, Yu Kun, Zhang Junxia
Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, 180 Wusi East Road, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, PR China; and Hebei Basic Science Centre for Biotic Interaction, Hebei University, 180 Wusi East Road, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, PR China.
Invertebr Syst. 2025 Aug;39. doi: 10.1071/IS25033.
Recent phylogenomic studies have established a robust backbone relationship for the seven subfamilies of jumping spiders (Salticidae), and identified an enigmatic clade within the subtribe Spartaeina, a major lineage of the subfamily Spartaeinae. However, the classification of this enigmatic clade remained unresolved due to the availability of only one male specimen at that time. In this study, we extensively examined additional materials and obtained ultraconserved element (UCE) data for more putative species of this lineage. The UCE phylogenetic results provided a comprehensive and strongly supported framework for the subtribe Spartaeina, and confirmed that the enigmatic clade is a distinct lineage, separate from genera with similar morphological traits. Coupled with morphological evidence, we describe a new genus, Protaeus gen. nov., and three new species: Protaeus nyarlathotep sp. nov., P. dracosquamus sp. nov., and P. gulliwingus sp. nov. We also revise the classification of three previously misplaced species into this new genus: P. jianfeng (Song & Zhu, 1998) comb. nov. (transferred from Portia ), P. forcipiformis (Yang, Liu, Liu & Peng, 2017) comb. nov. (transferred from Spartaeus ) and P. shiwandashan (Wang, Mi, Li & Xu, 2024) comb. nov. (transferred from Mintonia ). Additionally, we redescribe the male of P. jianfeng and provide a description of the female for the first time. This study enhances our understanding of evolutionary relationships within Spartaeina and underscores the importance of further exploration within this diverse group. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:159DFF44-63DF-4F2D-B7E4-F6485141A6EA.
最近的系统发育基因组学研究已经为跳蛛科（Salticidae）的七个亚科建立了一个可靠的主干关系，并在Spartaeinae亚科的一个主要谱系Spartaeina族内确定了一个神秘的分支。然而，由于当时仅有的一个雄性标本，这个神秘分支的分类仍未得到解决。在本研究中，我们广泛检查了更多材料，并获得了该谱系中更多假定物种的超保守元件（UCE）数据。UCE系统发育结果为Spartaeina族提供了一个全面且得到有力支持的框架，并证实这个神秘分支是一个独特的谱系，与具有相似形态特征的属不同。结合形态学证据，我们描述了一个新属，普罗透斯属（Protaeus gen. nov.），以及三个新物种：普罗透斯奈亚拉托提普新种（Protaeus nyarlathotep sp. nov.）、普罗透斯龙鳞新种（P. dracosquamus sp. nov.）和普罗透斯古利文古斯新种（P. gulliwingus sp. nov.）。我们还将三个先前分类错误的物种重新分类到这个新属中：普罗透斯尖峰（宋 & 朱，1998）新组合（从Portia属转移）、普罗透斯钳形（杨、刘、刘 & 彭，2017）新组合（从Spartaeus属转移）和普罗透斯十万大山（王、米、李 & 徐，2024）新组合（从Mintonia属转移）。此外，我们重新描述了普罗透斯尖峰的雄性，并首次描述了其雌性。这项研究增进了我们对Spartaeina族内进化关系的理解，并强调了在这个多样化群体中进一步探索的重要性。动物分类信息库：urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:159DFF44-63DF-4F2D-B7E4-F6485141A6EA。
