Chen Lijun, Zhang Xuhui, Zhou Xiaoxin, Gong Yan, Kong Lingcan, Wu Yukang, Liu Wenwei, Zhu Pengfei
The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, China.
Research Base for Environment and Health in Wuxi, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, China.
Front Public Health. 2025 Sep 8;13:1599702. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1599702. eCollection 2025.
PM has been a major public concern due to its association with various diseases; however, its contamination is still not well controlled. From 2020 to 2023, the pollution characteristics of PM-bound metals and metalloids were monitored in Wuxi, China. The surveillance targeted 26 components, including antimony (Sb), aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), beryllium (Be), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), thallium (Tl), barium (Ba), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), molybdenum (Mo), silver (Ag), thorium (Th), vanadium (V), zinc (Zn), strontium (Sr), tin (Sn), lithium (Li), uranium (U), and rubidium (Rb). During the study period, The PM mass concentration ranged from 5.00 to 166.0 μg/m, and the annual average PM concentration was 40.4 ± 26.1 μg/m. The total concentration of 22 elements was 659.7 ± 318.5 ng/m. Fe, Al, Zn, Mn, Pb, Cu, and Ba were seven dominant metals in PM accounted for 95.7% of the total metal concentrations (TMs). Both PM and most PM-bound metals and metalloids exhibited decreasing trends to varying degrees and seasonal characteristics, peaking in winter. The result of enrichment factor (EF) suggested most elements mainly derived from anthropogenic pollution, while industrial emissions (32.4%), automotive emissions (27.9%), fuel combustion (26.2%) and dust emissions (13.5%) identified as the main sources by the positive matrix factorization (PMF). The hazard quotients (HQs) of all the metals were below 1, with Mn exhibiting highest HQ at 6.29 × 10 ± 3.28 × 10. The carcinogenic risks of five elements were as follows: Cd (5.21 × 10 ± 4.02 × 10), As (7.00 × 10 ± 3.83 × 10), Pb (1.24 × 10 ± 7.79 × 10), Ni (3.21 × 10 ± 1.62 × 10) and Cr (VI) (2.76 × 10 ± 1.31 × 10). These results indicate that both the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of individual elements monitored were within an acceptable range. However, considerable attention should be given to the comprehensive exposure risk associated with long-term exposure to Mn, As and Cr (VI). This study updated air pollution data, analyzed pollution sources and characteristics and discussed the potential risks of PM-bound metals and metalloids. It is of great significance to reduce PM emissions and formulate environmental protection policies to protect the health of local residents.
由于与各种疾病相关联，细颗粒物（PM）一直是主要的公众关切问题；然而，其污染仍未得到有效控制。2020年至2023年期间，在中国无锡监测了与PM结合的金属和类金属的污染特征。监测对象包括26种成分，即锑（Sb）、铝（Al）、砷（As）、铍（Be）、镉（Cd）、铬（Cr）、汞（Hg）、铅（Pb）、锰（Mn）、镍（Ni）、硒（Se）、铊（Tl）、钡（Ba）、钴（Co）、铜（Cu）、铁（Fe）、钼（Mo）、银（Ag）、钍（Th）、钒（V）、锌（Zn）、锶（Sr）、锡（Sn）、锂（Li）、铀（U）和铷（Rb）。在研究期间，PM质量浓度范围为5.00至166.0μg/m，年平均PM浓度为40.4±26.1μg/m。22种元素的总浓度为659.7±318.5ng/m。铁、铝、锌、锰、铅、铜和钡是PM中的七种主要金属，占总金属浓度（TMs）的95.7%。PM以及大多数与PM结合的金属和类金属均呈现出不同程度的下降趋势和季节特征，在冬季达到峰值。富集因子（EF）结果表明，大多数元素主要源自人为污染，而通过正定矩阵因子分解法（PMF）确定工业排放（32.4%）、汽车排放（27.9%）、燃料燃烧（26.2%）和扬尘排放（13.5%）为主要来源。所有金属的危害商（HQs）均低于1，其中锰的HQ最高，为6.29×10±3.28×10。五种元素的致癌风险如下：镉（5.21×10±4.02×10）、砷（7.00×10±3.83×10）、铅（1.24×10±7.79×10）、镍（3.21×10±1.62×10）和六价铬（2.76×10±1.31×10）。这些结果表明，所监测的各元素的非致癌和致癌风险均在可接受范围内。然而，应高度关注长期接触锰、砷和六价铬所带来的综合暴露风险。本研究更新了空气污染数据，分析了污染源和污染特征，并探讨了与PM结合的金属和类金属的潜在风险。减少PM排放并制定环境保护政策对于保护当地居民健康具有重要意义。
