Hapsari Ratih Dewi, Nugroho Tristianto, Pambuko Galih, Pradista Luthfi Adya, Riyanto Joko, Widyas Nuzul, Prastowo Sigit
Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia.
Bali Cattle Breeding Center, Denpasar, Indonesia.
Open Vet J. 2025 Jun;15(6):2861-2874. doi: 10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.55. Epub 2025 Jun 30.
Heat stress has a significant impact on cattle performance, particularly in hot-humid climates like tropical regions. Bali cattle (), an indigenous Indonesian breed, are widely known for their ability to adapt to and withstand heat stress. The heat shock protein (HSP) gene family is responsible for heat stress adaptation, and genetic diversity is linked to the ability of animals to cope with heat stress.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic variation of potential HSP gene candidates in Bali cattle by scanning single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and comparing them to the available cattle genetic reference database.
The research was divided into two experimental phases. The first step is to identify potential HSP gene candidates . The selected genes were then mapped to the sequence (year 2023 version) to generate primers that were used to amplify all exons for SNP scanning. In the second experiment, a pool of DNA samples was amplified using a custom-designed primer, followed by sequencing and polymorphism analysis. The SNP variation was identified by comparing the nucleotide sequences with the existing and databases at the National Center for Biotechnology Information, which serve as genetic references. Genetic variations were then grouped, classified, and analyzed based on the type of nucleotide mutation and amino acid type.
The results revealed that among the HSP genes in , HSP90AB1 had the highest similarity to those in other breeds: 99.05% similarity with and 99.05% with . In total, 127 SNPs of the HSP90AB1 gene were identified across exons 2 to 6 of the Bali cattle and have the potential to affect protein function and expression related to cattle traits.
HSP90AB1 can be a candidate gene for thermotolerance trait selection in Bali cattle but needs further study to be used as a selection marker.
热应激对牛的生产性能有重大影响，特别是在热带地区那样的炎热潮湿气候中。巴厘牛是印度尼西亚的本土品种，以其适应和耐受热应激的能力而广为人知。热休克蛋白（HSP）基因家族负责热应激适应，并且遗传多样性与动物应对热应激的能力相关。
本研究的目的是通过扫描单核苷酸多态性（SNP）并将其与现有的牛遗传参考数据库进行比较，来研究巴厘牛中潜在的HSP基因候选者的遗传变异。
该研究分为两个实验阶段。第一步是鉴定潜在的HSP基因候选者。然后将所选基因映射到（2023年版本）序列上以生成用于扩增所有外显子以进行SNP扫描的引物。在第二个实验中，使用定制设计的引物扩增一组DNA样本，随后进行测序和多态性分析。通过将核苷酸序列与美国国立生物技术信息中心的现有和数据库进行比较来鉴定SNP变异，这些数据库用作遗传参考。然后根据核苷酸突变类型和氨基酸类型对遗传变异进行分组、分类和分析。
结果显示，在巴厘牛的HSP基因中，HSP90AB1与其他品种的相似性最高：与相似性为99.05%，与相似性为99.05%。总共在巴厘牛的外显子2至6中鉴定出127个HSP90AB1基因的SNP，它们有可能影响与牛性状相关的蛋白质功能和表达。
HSP90AB1可以作为巴厘牛耐热性性状选择的候选基因，但需要进一步研究才能用作选择标记。
