Lv Ziyang, Yang Yixuan, Hou Hanghang, Yang Shangkun, Cui Zhijia, Zhang Xi, Li Jing, Yuan Yuhao, Liu Minxuan, Feng Baili
State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Resource Plants on the Loess Plateau, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2025 Sep 8;16:1649200. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1649200. eCollection 2025.
Germplasm resources are vital for food security and agricultural sustainability, providing the basis for seed industry innovation.
In the present study, 1,582 proso millet ( L.) germplasm resources, comprising landraces, cultivars, wild varieties, and foreign varieties, were sown in early June 2024 at the Yulin Minor Grain Comprehensive Experimental Demonstration Station. Subsequently, the genetic diversity was analyzed according to 14 agronomic, 5 yield, and 3 grain traits.
Significant phenotypic diversity was observed: agronomic trait diversity indices ranged from 0.15 to 2.10, with straw weight per plant showing the highest variation coefficients (60.03%). Yield traits exhibited diversity indices of 1.95-2.08 and variation coefficients of 14.94-37.37%. Grain traits had diversity indices exceeding 2, with the lowest variation coefficients (5.22-6.61%). Principal component analysis identified 4 key components, with tiller number and panicle length having the highest loading, leading to the selection of 10 superior germplasms. Cluster analysis grouped 1,582 samples into 5 categories, from which 147 representative germplasms were chosen. Then, 80 SSR primers were designed, 15 of which revealed polymorphism, confirming high genetic variation among these 147 germplasms. Varieties from Northwest China and Loess Plateau region showed the greater diversity.
These findings provide a scientific foundation for the efficient utilization and breeding of proso millet germplasm resources.
种质资源对粮食安全和农业可持续发展至关重要，为种业创新提供了基础。
在本研究中，2024年6月初，1582份黍稷种质资源，包括地方品种、栽培品种、野生品种和国外品种，在榆林小杂粮综合试验示范站播种。随后，根据14个农艺性状、5个产量性状和3个籽粒性状分析了遗传多样性。
观察到显著的表型多样性：农艺性状多样性指数在0.15至2.10之间，单株秸秆重量的变异系数最高（60.03%）。产量性状的多样性指数为1.95 - 2.08，变异系数为14.94 - 37.37%。籽粒性状的多样性指数超过2，变异系数最低（5.22 - 6.61%）。主成分分析确定了4个关键成分，分蘖数和穗长的载荷最高，从而筛选出10份优良种质。聚类分析将1582个样本分为5类，从中选出147份代表性种质。然后，设计了80对SSR引物，其中15对表现出多态性，证实了这147份种质之间存在较高的遗传变异。中国西北和黄土高原地区的品种表现出更大的多样性。
这些研究结果为黍稷种质资源的高效利用和育种提供了科学依据。
