Zeng Yinping, Ji Weiguo, Shi Yu, Liu Wenduo, Ji Weiping
Department of Physical Education and Military Training, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China.
Department of Sports Science, College of Natural Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
Front Sports Act Living. 2025 Sep 8;7:1643789. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2025.1643789. eCollection 2025.
Elite football players are particularly vulnerable to sports injuries due to the demands of high-intensity training and competition, which negatively affect their athletic careers and the economic interests of their clubs. Currently, the structural classification of injury scenarios and types in football remains unclear, hindering players' understanding of injuries and the implementation of effective preventive measures. This study aims to refine the structural classification of football-related injuries and update the corresponding scenarios, prevention strategies, and treatment approaches for general sports injuries, degenerative injuries, and accidental injuries. Researchers screened relevant literature from PubMed, SportDiscus, and Google Scholar databases from May 2000 to May 2025. For general sports injuries, skeletal muscle injuries (muscle fiber injuries, tendon injuries) can be prevented through eccentric strength training, while joint injuries (ligament injuries, muscle imbalances) require a focus on neuromuscular control training. Degenerative injuries necessitate systematic treatment, and surgical intervention should be adopted, when necessary, followed by a personalized rehabilitation program. Accidental injuries (concussions and fractures) can be mitigated using protective gear, rule modifications, and enhanced safety measures education. This article emphasizes the importance of a structured classification system for injury prevention and differentiated treatment strategies for elite football players. This will provide a theoretical basis for establishing clear understanding among individual athletes and reducing the occupational risk of injury in football.
由于高强度训练和比赛的要求，精英足球运动员特别容易受到运动损伤，这对他们的运动生涯和俱乐部的经济利益产生负面影响。目前，足球运动中损伤情况和类型的结构分类仍不明确，这阻碍了球员对损伤的理解以及有效预防措施的实施。本研究旨在完善与足球相关损伤的结构分类，并更新针对一般运动损伤、退行性损伤和意外伤害的相应情况、预防策略及治疗方法。研究人员从2000年5月至2025年5月期间的PubMed、SportDiscus和谷歌学术数据库中筛选了相关文献。对于一般运动损伤，骨骼肌损伤（肌纤维损伤、肌腱损伤）可通过离心力量训练预防，而关节损伤（韧带损伤、肌肉失衡）则需要关注神经肌肉控制训练。退行性损伤需要系统治疗，必要时应采取手术干预，随后进行个性化康复计划。意外伤害（脑震荡和骨折）可通过使用防护装备、修改规则和加强安全措施教育来减轻。本文强调了结构化分类系统对精英足球运动员预防损伤和差异化治疗策略的重要性。这将为个体运动员之间建立清晰的认识并降低足球运动中的职业损伤风险提供理论依据。
