甘草次酸在大口黑鲈（Micropterus salmoides）体内的药代动力学、组织分布及残留消除

Enoxolone pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and residue depletion in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides).

作者信息

Li Chen, Zhou Xinnan, Qiu Yunshan, Luo Lin, Liu Hongli, Ouyang Ping, Geng Yi, Chen Defang, Huang Xiaoli

机构信息

Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.

Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.

出版信息

BMC Vet Res. 2025 Sep 24;21(1):545. doi: 10.1186/s12917-025-04981-9.

UNLABELLED

Enoxolone, a hydrolyzed component of Chinese herbal medicine, has shown efficacy against in largemouth bass (). However, its pharmacokinetics and muscle residue depletion in are not well understood. This study analyzed plasma and tissue samples using High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) after exposure to 16 mg/L enoxolone. Results indicated a bimodal plasma absorption pattern, with the first peak at 2 h and the highest concentration (C = 44.67 mg/L) at 24 h. The plasma AUC was 813.40 mg·h/L, and the MRT was 36 h. Significant accumulation occurred in the kidneys (C = 2223.33 mg/kg, AUC = 7268.967 mg·h/L) which is more than other organs. But the T (72 h) and MRT (51 h) is the longest. Muscle residues declined to 0.0164 mg/kg by day 11 post-immersion and the withdrawal time is at least 15 d. Enoxolone concentrations in plasma and tissues reached the MIC within 4–8 h. Acute toxicity tests showed a 96 h LC of 12.17 mg/L, with no mortality at concentrations ≤ 50 mg/L within 24 h. Based on these findings, a 4 h immersion at 16 mg/L is recommended for effective control, followed by an 15 d withdrawal period to meet food safety standards. This study offers crucial data for optimizing enoxolone use in aquaculture.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-025-04981-9.

未标记

甘草次酸是一种中草药水解成分，已显示出对大口黑鲈有效的作用。然而，其在大口黑鲈中的药代动力学和肌肉残留消除情况尚不清楚。本研究在暴露于16mg/L甘草次酸后，使用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（HPLC-MS/MS）分析血浆和组织样本。结果表明血浆吸收呈双峰模式，第一个峰值出现在2小时，24小时达到最高浓度（Cmax = 44.67mg/L）。血浆AUC为813.40mg·h/L，MRT为36小时。肾脏中出现显著蓄积（Cmax = 2223.33mg/kg，AUC = 7268.967mg·h/L），高于其他器官。但其T1/2（72小时）和MRT（51小时）最长。浸泡后第11天肌肉残留降至0.0164mg/kg，休药期至少为15天。血浆和组织中的甘草次酸浓度在4-8小时内达到MIC。急性毒性试验显示96小时LC50为12.17mg/L，在浓度≤50mg/L时24小时内无死亡。基于这些发现，建议以16mg/L浸泡4小时以有效控制疾病，随后有15天的休药期以符合食品安全标准。本研究为优化甘草次酸在水产养殖中的使用提供了关键数据。