Zogakis Ioannis P, Anagnostou Chrysanthi, Ioannidou Ioulia, Chaushu Stella, Papadopoulos Moschos A
Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Department of Hygiene, Social-Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Dent J (Basel). 2025 Aug 26;13(9):386. doi: 10.3390/dj13090386.
: Impacted teeth are characterized by having more than three-quarters of root development completed, however failing to erupt or demonstrate imminent eruption, as evidenced both by clinical and radiographic evaluation. Canine impaction is an entity of clinical significance considering its potential to affect both oral function and facial aesthetics. If not appropriately managed, this condition may adversely impact functional occlusion and structural smile integrity. The purpose of the study was to investigate the prevalence of impacted and transmigrant canines in a Greek orthodontic cohort and identify potential sex-based differences. A total of 2594 panoramic radiographs and clinical records of consecutive patients in the mixed and permanent dentition stages, treated at the Department of Orthodontics of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, were retrospectively retrieved and analyzed to detect the presence of impacted and transmigrant canines. Patients lacking complete clinical records or panoramic radiograph, undergoing or had undergone orthodontic treatment, or presenting conditions affecting normal permanent dentition development, including pathological conditions, cleft lip and palate or hereditary disorders, were excluded. At least one impacted canine was detected in 109 patients (67% females, 33% males), with a median age of 15 years (IQR: 13-18), documenting a 4.2% prevalence (6.97% females, 2.32% males). The frequency of maxillary canine impaction was 3.97%, while in the mandible a frequency of 0.46% was reported. The frequency of bilateral canine impaction was 1%, with it being present in 25.7% of patients with canine impaction. The prevalence of transmigrant canines was 0.11%, with detection solely in the mandible. A statistically significant sex difference was detected solely in the prevalence of impaction. Considering the implications of canine impaction, the epidemiological investigation of this entity may facilitate an early diagnosis and treatment.
阻生牙的特征是牙根发育完成超过四分之三，但未能萌出或显示即将萌出，临床和影像学评估均证实了这一点。犬牙阻生具有临床意义，因为它可能影响口腔功能和面部美观。如果处理不当，这种情况可能会对功能性咬合和结构性微笑的完整性产生不利影响。本研究的目的是调查希腊正畸队列中阻生和异位萌出犬牙的患病率，并确定潜在的性别差异。回顾性检索并分析了希腊塞萨洛尼基亚里士多德大学正畸科治疗的2594例混合牙列期和恒牙列期连续患者的全景X线片和临床记录，以检测阻生和异位萌出犬牙的存在。排除临床记录或全景X线片不完整、正在接受或已经接受正畸治疗、或存在影响正常恒牙列发育的情况（包括病理状况、唇腭裂或遗传性疾病）的患者。在109例患者中检测到至少一颗阻生犬牙（67%为女性，33%为男性），中位年龄为15岁（四分位间距：13 - 18岁），患病率为4.2%（女性为6.97%，男性为2.32%）。上颌犬牙阻生的发生率为3.97%，而下颌犬牙阻生的发生率为0.46%。双侧犬牙阻生的发生率为1%，占犬牙阻生患者的25.7%。异位萌出犬牙的患病率为0.11%，仅在下颌检测到。仅在阻生患病率方面检测到统计学上显著的性别差异。考虑到犬牙阻生的影响，对该实体的流行病学调查可能有助于早期诊断和治疗。
