Subrahmanya T M, Chung Ya-Ting, Nayak Smruthiranjan, Makari H K, Caparanga Alvin R, Cheng Chia-Hsiung, Hung Wei-Song, Hu Chien-Chieh, Lee Kueir-Rarn, Lai Juin-Yih
Advanced Membrane Materials Research Center, Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan.
Department of Biotechnology, Maharani's Science College for Women, University of Mysore, Mysore, 570005, Karnataka, India.
Chemosphere. 2025 Nov;389:144706. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144706. Epub 2025 Sep 25.
With the rapid growth of the world's population, the global demand for clean and safe water has become increasingly critical. Capacitive deionization (CDI) has emerged as a promising technology for desalination due to its high energy efficiency, environmental friendliness, and operational convenience. However, its low desalination capacity, poor water wettability, and discontinuous desalination process have limited its application in desalination and large-scale implementation. To address these issues, flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) has been developed to enhance the desalination performance of traditional CDI systems. Optimizing the activated carbon (AC) materials that form the flow-electrodes is a primary focus of research to improve the desalination performance of FCDI. In this work, AC was modified using varying concentrations of Tollens' reagent and sodium alginate (SA) solutions. Due to the interaction between heavy metal ions and the silver (Ag) and SA groups on the surface of the synthesized materials, this experiment was conducted to remove lead ions (Pb) from simulated wastewater. Experimental results showed that, compared to flow-electrodes made from commercial AC, the average desalination rate for Pb increased from 0.00238 mmol/m/s to 0.00831 mmol/m/s. The adsorption performance also increased from 0.4454 mg/g to 0.9501 mg/g. Additionally, due to the electrochemical flow capacitor-like properties of the FCDI system, the energy recovery and charging efficiency of the FCDI system were evaluated. The energy recovery potential may reduce the energy consumption of FCDI-based seawater desalination, making FCDI more advantageous compared to other traditional seawater desalination technologies.
随着世界人口的快速增长，全球对清洁安全用水的需求日益迫切。电容去离子化（CDI）因其高能效、环境友好和操作便捷，已成为一种很有前景的脱盐技术。然而，其低脱盐能力、差的水润湿性和不连续的脱盐过程限制了它在脱盐及大规模应用中的使用。为解决这些问题，流动电极电容去离子化（FCDI）应运而生，以提高传统CDI系统的脱盐性能。优化构成流动电极的活性炭（AC）材料是提高FCDI脱盐性能研究的主要焦点。在这项工作中，使用不同浓度的托伦试剂和海藻酸钠（SA）溶液对AC进行改性。由于重金属离子与合成材料表面的银（Ag）和SA基团之间的相互作用，进行该实验以从模拟废水中去除铅离子（Pb）。实验结果表明，与由商业AC制成的流动电极相比，Pb的平均脱盐速率从0.00238 mmol/m/s提高到0.00831 mmol/m/s。吸附性能也从0.4454 mg/g提高到0.9501 mg/g。此外，由于FCDI系统具有类似电化学流动电容器的特性，对FCDI系统的能量回收和充电效率进行了评估。能量回收潜力可能会降低基于FCDI的海水淡化的能耗，使FCDI与其他传统海水淡化技术相比更具优势。
