A review of sexual misconduct in dentistry.

Background Sexual misconduct in dentistry includes inappropriate behaviours from patients or staff, such as unwanted advances, comments, gestures, or physical contact. This review aimed to explore the literature for the prevalence, causes, impacts and interventions of sexual misconduct in dentistry, to identify gaps and inform policy development and future research.Methods A systematic search of the academic literature was conducted to identify eligible articles published between 1 January 2010 and 31 October 2024. Eligible articles were those of any study design that captured and reported on data relating to sexual misconduct in dental care settings and were available in the English language. Quantitative data were summarised narratively and key findings grouped according to the common themes identified.Results A total of 2,238 articles were screened, with 23 peer-reviewed articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Findings revealed a limited global representation and general restriction to sexual misconduct prevalence data, with no studies reporting on the implementation or effectiveness of interventions targeting sexual misconduct behaviours. Prevalence data were broad (5-86%), with underreporting of incidences also highlighted and witnessing sexual misconduct also common (25-40% within studies). Contributing factors to sexual misconduct included power hierarchies, informal settings involving alcohol, poor reporting mechanisms and fear of retaliation. Male dentists and patients were overrepresented as perpetrators. Victims experienced emotional trauma, professional disengagement and reluctance to report. Recommendations from studies emphasised training, robust policies, supportive environments, restorative justice and balanced media representation.Conclusion Systemic change is urgently needed to address sexual misconduct in dentistry. Limited UK-based research indicates the need to prioritise qualitative insights and intervention effectiveness to create safer, equitable dental workplaces.