Tiwari Rahul, Singh Vishal Kumar, Kumar Awnish, Mehrotra Sanjana, Gautam Vibhav, Neville J F, Bansal Vyomika, Pathak Rajiv, Singh Akhilesh Kumar, Kumar Rajiv
Centre of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India.
Biology (Basel). 2025 Aug 22;14(9):1109. doi: 10.3390/biology14091109.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant neoplasm of the oral epithelium that constitutes majority of oral cancers and is strongly associated with risk factors such as tobacco use and genetic alterations. Mortality rates for OSCC are high because many cases are misdiagnosed or identified at later stages, and treatment options are limited with high recurrence. Therefore, there is an urgent need for improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. OSCC tumor cells, like those in other solid malignancies, exhibit significant alterations in metabolic pathways and the immune microenvironment. These changes can serve as valuable biomarkers for early detection and as targets for innovative treatment strategies. This review summarizes the current understanding of metabolic and immunological biomarkers that are either currently in use for OSCC or are in different phases of clinical trials.
口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）是口腔上皮的恶性肿瘤，占口腔癌的大多数，并且与吸烟和基因改变等风险因素密切相关。OSCC的死亡率很高，因为许多病例被误诊或在晚期才被发现，而且治疗选择有限且复发率高。因此，迫切需要改进诊断和治疗策略。与其他实体恶性肿瘤一样，OSCC肿瘤细胞在代谢途径和免疫微环境中表现出显著变化。这些变化可作为早期检测的有价值生物标志物以及创新治疗策略的靶点。本综述总结了目前对代谢和免疫生物标志物的认识，这些生物标志物目前已用于OSCC或正处于临床试验的不同阶段。
