Hou Yiran, Bao Yun, Jia Rui, Zhou Linjun, Song Lili, Yang Baojuan, Li Bing, Zhu Jian
Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuxi 214081, China.
Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China.
Biology (Basel). 2025 Sep 19;14(9):1297. doi: 10.3390/biology14091297.
Integrated aquaculture, centered around polyculture involving multiple species, is a typical practice for the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry, capable of enhancing resource utilization efficiency, environmental stability, and overall productivity through establishing symbiotic interactions among species. This study employed multi-amplicon high-throughput sequencing to assess the ecological impacts of two polyculture methods involving river crabs on sediment bacteria, fungi, and protists. One method involved polyculturing river crabs with mandarin fish, silver carp, and the stone moroko (SPC), and the other involved polyculturing river crabs with only mandarin fish and silver carp (SMC). The results showed that, compared to the SMC group, the SPC group remarkably increased the Chao1 index of bacterial communities in pond sediment and decreased the Pielou_J index of protists. The relative abundances of all fungal phyla and most dominant bacterial and protistan phyla (top 10 in relative abundance) in the SPC group were considerably different from those in the SMC group. In the co-occurrence networks of bacterial, fungal, and protistan communities, the numbers of edges and nodes were higher in the SPC group than in the SMC group, and the habitat niche breadth of bacterial community was also notably increased in the SPC group. The levels of total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), and phosphates within pond sediment in the SPC group were obviously lower than those in the SMC group, and were significantly correlated with the microbial communities, with TC being identified as the primary contributor driving changes in the microbial communities. All the findings collectively demonstrate that the polyculture of river crabs with mandarin fish, silver carp, and the stone moroko enhances the stability of bacterial, fungal, and protistan communities in sediment and enhances resource utilization efficiency in aquaculture, thereby preventing the environmental risks associated with excessive nutrient accumulation in sediment. Polyculture systems integrating river crabs with mandarin fish, silver carp, and the stone moroko represent a sustainable aquaculture model with significant ecological benefits.
以多物种混养为核心的综合水产养殖是水产养殖业可持续发展的典型做法，通过在物种间建立共生关系，能够提高资源利用效率、环境稳定性和整体生产力。本研究采用多扩增子高通量测序技术，评估了两种涉及河蟹的混养方式对沉积物细菌、真菌和原生生物的生态影响。一种方式是将河蟹与鳜鱼、鲢鱼和麦穗鱼混养（SPC），另一种方式是仅将河蟹与鳜鱼和鲢鱼混养（SMC）。结果表明，与SMC组相比，SPC组显著提高了池塘沉积物中细菌群落的Chao1指数，并降低了原生生物的Pielou_J指数。SPC组中所有真菌门以及大多数优势细菌和原生生物门（相对丰度排名前10）的相对丰度与SMC组有很大差异。在细菌、真菌和原生生物群落的共现网络中，SPC组的边数和节点数高于SMC组，且SPC组细菌群落的栖息地生态位宽度也显著增加。SPC组池塘沉积物中的总碳（TC）、总氮（TN）和磷酸盐水平明显低于SMC组，且与微生物群落显著相关，其中TC被确定为驱动微生物群落变化的主要因素。所有这些发现共同表明，河蟹与鳜鱼、鲢鱼和麦穗鱼混养可增强沉积物中细菌、真菌和原生生物群落的稳定性，并提高水产养殖中的资源利用效率，从而防止与沉积物中营养物质过度积累相关的环境风险。将河蟹与鳜鱼、鲢鱼和麦穗鱼整合的混养系统代表了一种具有显著生态效益的可持续水产养殖模式。
