Gómez-Espinoza Daniela, Gonzalez-Calderon J A, Delgado-Alvarado Enrique, Herrera-May Agustín L, García-González Leandro, Aguirre-Mancilla César Leobardo, Rivera-Vázquez Ricardo, Pérez-Pérez Ma Cristina Irma
Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica y Ambiental, TecNM en Celaya, Celaya 38010, Guanajuato, Mexico.
Cátedras SECIHTI-Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78290, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2025 Sep 1;14(9):1074. doi: 10.3390/antiox14091074.
The palo prieto () is a tree with grayish bark and pinnate leaves that is native to Mexico. This tree can reach heights close to 15 m and is a source of phytochemical compounds, including polyphenols. The optimized extraction method is important for preserving phytochemical compounds, particularly gallic acid. In general, solid-liquid extraction methods are the most commonly used methods for obtaining phytochemical compounds from . Herein, we report the results of a complex experimental design in which different parts of the plant (leaf, stem, and fruit) were used to investigate their antioxidant activities and gallic acid contents. In this design, we included variations in the type of solvent, time, and temperature. This method yields an extract rich in phytochemical components that may exhibit significant antioxidant activity, making it suitable for isolating natural antioxidant compounds. For these compounds, bromatological analysis, quantification of phenolic content, and identification and quantification of phytochemical compounds via UPLC-MS/MS identified 27 compounds, with gallic epicatechin, catechin, kaemferol-3-glucoside, procyanidin B1, and gallic acid as the major compounds. For the quantification of gallic acid by HPLC, the highest concentration of gallic acid was detected in the water-leaf-40 °C-90 min fraction. In addition, antioxidant activity via 1,1-diphenyl-1,2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) was studied, and color measurements were performed. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of the fruit samples was evaluated via the DPPH method with an ethanol/water ratio of 30:70 % v/v at 60 °C for 60 min, which resulted in the highest percentage of inhibition. There was no significant difference in the antioxidant activity when ABTS was used between the samples. For the antioxidant activity determined via FRAP, the leaf sample exhibited the most significant activity when ethanol was used as the solvent at 50 °C for 90 min, with a value of 195,861 ± 44.20 µM eq Trolox/g DM. The phenol compounds of are promising sources of natural antimicrobials and antioxidants for potential applications in food packaging.
黑 Palo（）是一种树皮呈灰色、叶子为羽状的树，原产于墨西哥。这种树能长到近15米高，是包括多酚在内的植物化学化合物的来源。优化提取方法对于保存植物化学化合物，特别是没食子酸很重要。一般来说，固液提取法是从……中获取植物化学化合物最常用的方法。在此，我们报告了一个复杂实验设计的结果，其中使用了植物的不同部位（叶、茎和果实）来研究它们的抗氧化活性和没食子酸含量。在这个设计中，我们包括了溶剂类型、时间和温度的变化。这种方法得到的提取物富含可能具有显著抗氧化活性的植物化学成分，使其适合分离天然抗氧化化合物。对于这些化合物，通过食品分析、酚类含量定量以及通过超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）对植物化学化合物进行鉴定和定量，确定了27种化合物，其中表儿茶素没食子酸酯、儿茶素（）、山奈酚-3-葡萄糖苷、原花青素B1和没食子酸为主要化合物。通过高效液相色谱法（HPLC）对没食子酸进行定量时，在水-叶-40℃-90分钟的馏分中检测到最高浓度的没食子酸。此外，研究了通过1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼（DPPH）、2,2'-联氮-双-（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）（ABTS）和铁还原抗氧化能力（FRAP）的抗氧化活性，并进行了颜色测量。此外，通过DPPH法在乙醇/水体积比为30:70%、60℃下处理60分钟对果实样品的抗氧化活性进行了评估，结果显示抑制率最高。当使用ABTS时，样品之间的抗氧化活性没有显著差异。对于通过FRAP测定的抗氧化活性，当在50℃下使用乙醇作为溶剂处理90分钟时，叶样品表现出最显著的活性，值为195,861±44.20μM当量Trolox/克干物质。……的酚类化合物是天然抗菌剂和抗氧化剂的有前途的来源，可用于食品包装的潜在应用。
原文中部分括号处内容缺失，翻译时保留了括号。
