Eritja Roger, Sanpera-Calbet Isis, Delacour-Estrella Sarah, Ruiz-Arrondo Ignacio, Puig Maria Àngels, Bengoa-Paulís Mikel, Alarcón-Elbal Pedro María, Barceló Carlos, Mariani Simone, Martínez-Barciela Yasmina, Bravo-Barriga Daniel, Polina Alejandro, Pereira-Martínez José Manuel, González Mikel Alexander, Escartin Santi, Melero-Alcíbar Rosario, Blanco-Sierra Laura, Magallanes Sergio, Collantes Francisco, Ferraguti Martina, González-Pérez María Isabel, Gutiérrez-López Rafael, Silva-Torres María Isabel, San Sebastián-Mendoza Olatz, Calvo-Reyes María Cruz, Mendoza-García Marian, Macías-Magro David, Cisneros Pilar, Cevidanes Aitor, Frontera Eva, Mato Inés, Fúster-Lorán Fernando, Domench-Guembe Miguel, Rodríguez-Regadera María Elena, Casanovas-Urgell Ricard, Montalvo Tomás, Miranda Miguel Ángel, Figuerola Jordi, Lucientes-Curdi Javier, Garriga Joan, Palmer John Rossman Bertholf, Bartumeus Frederic
Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEAB-CSIC), 17300 Blanes, Spain.
Departament de Ciències Polítiques i Socials, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08005 Barcelona, Spain.
Insects. 2025 Aug 29;16(9):904. doi: 10.3390/insects16090904.
The spread of the invasive mosquitoes , , and in Spain represents an increasing public health risk due to their capacity to transmit arboviruses such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya, among others. Traditional field entomological surveillance remains essential for tracking their spread, but it faces limitations in terms of cost, scalability, and labor intensity. Since 2014, the Mosquito Alert citizen-science project has enabled public participation in surveillance through the submission of geolocated images via a mobile app, which are identified using AI in combination with expert validation. While field surveillance provides high accuracy, citizen science offers low-cost, large-scale, real-time data collection aligned with open data management principles. It is particularly useful for detecting long-distance dispersal events and has contributed up to one-third of the municipal detections of invasive mosquito species since 2014. This study assesses the value of integrating both surveillance systems to capitalize on their complementary strengths while compensating for their weaknesses in the areas of taxonomic accuracy, scalability, spatial detection patterns, data curation and validation systems, geographic precision, interoperability, and real-time output. We present the listing of municipal detections of these species from 2004 to 2024, integrating data from both sources. Spain's integrated approach demonstrates a pioneering model for cost-effective, scalable vector surveillance tailored to the dynamics of invasive species and emerging epidemiological threats.
伊蚊、埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊在西班牙的传播对公共卫生构成了日益严重的风险，因为它们能够传播登革热、寨卡病毒和基孔肯雅热等虫媒病毒。传统的野外昆虫学监测对于追踪它们的传播仍然至关重要，但在成本、可扩展性和劳动强度方面存在局限性。自2014年以来，“蚊子警报”公民科学项目通过一款移动应用程序让公众参与监测，该应用程序通过提交带有地理位置的图像来进行监测，这些图像通过人工智能结合专家验证进行识别。虽然野外监测具有很高的准确性，但公民科学提供了低成本、大规模、实时的数据收集，符合开放数据管理原则。它对于检测远距离扩散事件特别有用，自2014年以来，它在入侵蚊虫物种的市级检测中贡献了高达三分之一的数据。本研究评估了整合这两种监测系统的价值，以利用它们的互补优势，同时弥补它们在分类准确性、可扩展性、空间检测模式、数据管理和验证系统、地理精度、互操作性和实时输出等方面的弱点。我们展示了2004年至2024年这些物种的市级检测清单，整合了来自这两个来源的数据。西班牙的综合方法展示了一种具有成本效益、可扩展的病媒监测的开创性模式，该模式适合入侵物种的动态和新出现的流行病学威胁。
