Li Xueting, Guo Yirong, Guo Zhejun, Zhang Nannan, Lei Yawen, Cai Enping, Deng Zuhu, Wu Jiayun
Guangdong Sugarcane Genetic Improvement Engineering Center, Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China.
National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Sep 9;26(18):8773. doi: 10.3390/ijms26188773.
rDNA is abundant in various organisms, typically expressed as conserved tandem repeats. It plays a crucial role in ribosome synthesis, gene transcription, and expression, and it affects the occurrence of diseases in both animals and plants, aging, protein synthesis, genomic stability, and genome evolution across a wide range of organisms. Among the different types of rDNA, 35S rDNA (also referred to as 45S rDNA) and 5S rDNA are particularly important in plant research. The use of 35S rDNA and 5S rDNA as probes has enabled the study of chromosomal composition, revealing species characteristics that are valuable for crop breeding, evolutionary biology, systematics, and other fields. This review focuses on the application of 35S rDNA and 5S rDNA and discusses research findings on sugarcane and its related germplasm that have been obtained through fluorescence in situ hybridization. This information has provided a foundation for understanding the genetic relationships, genetics, breeding, and evolutionary classification of sugarcane.
核糖体DNA（rDNA）在各种生物体中含量丰富，通常以保守的串联重复序列形式表达。它在核糖体合成、基因转录和表达中起着至关重要的作用，并且影响动植物疾病的发生、衰老、蛋白质合成、基因组稳定性以及广泛生物体中的基因组进化。在不同类型的rDNA中，35S rDNA（也称为45S rDNA）和5S rDNA在植物研究中尤为重要。使用35S rDNA和5S rDNA作为探针能够研究染色体组成，揭示对作物育种、进化生物学、系统学及其他领域有价值的物种特征。本综述聚焦于35S rDNA和5S rDNA的应用，并讨论通过荧光原位杂交获得的甘蔗及其相关种质的研究结果。这些信息为理解甘蔗的遗传关系、遗传学、育种和进化分类奠定了基础。
