Ferri Anita, Sacchi Sandro, Franchi Nicola, Rosani Umberto, Malagoli Davide
Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Giuseppe Campi 213/D, 41125 Modena, Italy.
Department of Biology, University of Padova, via U. Bassi, 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Sep 16;26(18):9022. doi: 10.3390/ijms26189022.
Allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF1) is a conserved calcium-binding protein involved in inflammatory and neuro-immune responses and expressed in (-AIF1) during cephalic tentacle regeneration. Here, we investigated the expression and distribution of -AIF1 in control conditions and during cephalic tentacle regeneration. A transcriptomic analysis of 315 RNA-seq datasets revealed maximal -AIF1 expression in circulating hemocytes and hemocyte-rich tissues. -AIF1 was also highly expressed in neural ganglia. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) evidenced -AIF1 in circulating hemocytes and in the phagocytic hemocyte aggregates in the posterior kidney. qPCR showed the constitutive expression of AIF1 in cerebral ganglia. FISH experiments showed -AIF1-positive cells within the cephalic tentacle blastema at 24 h post-amputation (hpa). Even if the amputation left them untouched, both the ipsilateral and contralateral cerebral ganglia increased -AIF1 expression until 48 hpa. Immunocytochemical experiments evidenced positive cells to RCA120 (a microglial marker in mammals) among circulating hemocytes, in the connective tissue surrounding the cerebral ganglia, and within the regenerating tentacles. These findings suggest that -AIF1 is a neuro-immune marker constitutively expressed in hemocyte populations and neural tissues; it is associated with the immediate hemocyte response to wounding and the neuro-immune interplay during the regeneration of sensory organs.
同种异体移植炎症因子-1（AIF1）是一种保守的钙结合蛋白，参与炎症和神经免疫反应，在头触手再生过程中在（-AIF1）中表达。在此，我们研究了-AIF1在对照条件下以及头触手再生过程中的表达和分布。对315个RNA测序数据集的转录组分析显示，-AIF1在循环血细胞和富含血细胞的组织中表达最高。-AIF1在神经节中也高度表达。荧光原位杂交（FISH）证明了循环血细胞和后肾中吞噬性血细胞聚集体中存在-AIF1。qPCR显示AIF1在脑神经节中组成性表达。FISH实验显示，截肢后24小时（hpa），头触手芽基内有-AIF1阳性细胞。即使截肢未触及同侧和对侧脑神经节，它们的-AIF1表达都会增加，直至48 hpa。免疫细胞化学实验证明，循环血细胞、脑神经节周围的结缔组织以及再生触手中存在对RCA120（哺乳动物中的小胶质细胞标志物）呈阳性的细胞。这些发现表明，-AIF1是一种在血细胞群体和神经组织中组成性表达的神经免疫标志物；它与血细胞对伤口的即时反应以及感觉器官再生过程中的神经免疫相互作用有关。
