Valero-Martínez Cristina, Pardines-Ortiz Marisa, Montes Nuria, Dauden Esteban, Fernández-Gutierrez Benjamín, García-Planella Esther, Gomollón García Fernando, Gratacós Jordi, Pérez-Venegas Jose Javier, Julía Antonio, Marsal Sara, Lamana Amalia, García-Vicuña Rosario, González-Alvaro Isidoro, Triguero-Martínez Ana
Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), 28006 Madrid, Spain.
Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), 28006 Madrid, Spain.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Sep 18;26(18):9087. doi: 10.3390/ijms26189087.
Galectin-1 and -9 (Gal1/9) are essential mediators of immune-inflammatory responses, which makes these proteins potential biomarkers for immune-mediated diseases (IMIDs), such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis (PS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), inflammatory bowel disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Our aim was to evaluate plasma Gal1/9 differences between IMID patients and healthy donors (HD). We analyzed 980 plasma samples divided into two analytical cohorts (600 discovery group and 380 validation group). Generalized linear models estimated Gal1/9 levels, adjusting for sex, age, storage time, and plate variability. In the overall IMID group, plasma Gal1 levels were comparable to those of HD, while Gal9 levels were significantly elevated. Levels varied across individual diseases: SLE patients consistently showed the highest Gal1/9 levels compared to both HD and other IMIDs, and RA patients had elevated Gal9 levels versus HD. Both Gal1 and Gal9 plasma levels correlated positively with higher disease activity, and Gal1 was higher in patients with longer disease duration. After adjustment for these confounders, SLE and RA patients maintained the highest Gal9 levels compared to HD. Our study demonstrates that Gal1 and Gal9 are differentially expressed across IMIDs, with particularly elevated levels in SLE, and both galectins are associated with disease activity.
半乳糖凝集素-1和-9（Gal1/9）是免疫炎症反应的重要介质，这使得这些蛋白质成为类风湿性关节炎（RA）、银屑病（PS）、银屑病关节炎（PsA）、炎症性肠病和系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）等免疫介导疾病（IMID）的潜在生物标志物。我们的目的是评估IMID患者与健康供体（HD）之间血浆Gal1/9的差异。我们分析了980份血浆样本，分为两个分析队列（600例发现组和380例验证组）。广义线性模型估计Gal1/9水平，并对性别、年龄、储存时间和板间变异性进行校正。在整个IMID组中，血浆Gal1水平与HD相当，而Gal9水平显著升高。各疾病的水平有所不同：与HD和其他IMID相比，SLE患者的Gal1/9水平始终最高，RA患者的Gal9水平相对于HD有所升高。Gal1和Gal9的血浆水平均与较高的疾病活动度呈正相关，病程较长的患者Gal1水平较高。在对这些混杂因素进行校正后，与HD相比，SLE和RA患者的Gal9水平仍然最高。我们的研究表明，Gal1和Gal9在不同的IMID中表达存在差异，在SLE中水平尤其升高，并且这两种半乳糖凝集素均与疾病活动度相关。
