Szymczak-Graczyk Anna, Korentz Jacek, Garbowski Tomasz
Department of Construction and Geoengineering, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94 E, 60-649 Poznan, Poland.
Institute of Civil Engineering, University of Zielona Gora, Prof. Z. Szafrana 1, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2025 Sep 18;18(18):4360. doi: 10.3390/ma18184360.
Moisture transport in building materials significantly influences their durability, mechanical integrity, and thermal performance. This study presents an experimental investigation of moisture permeability in a range of traditional and modern wall elements, including autoclaved aerated concrete (ACC), ceramic blocks, silicate blocks, perlite concrete blocks, and concrete units. Both vapor diffusion and capillary transport mechanisms were analyzed under controlled climatic conditions using gravimetric and hygrometric methods. Among the tested materials, autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) was selected for detailed numerical modeling because of its high porosity, strong capillarity, and widespread use in modern construction, which make it especially vulnerable to moisture-related degradation. Based on the experimental findings, a digital twin was developed to simulate hygrothermal behavior of walls made of ACC under various environmental conditions. The model incorporates advanced moisture transport equations, capturing diffusion and capillary effects while considering real-world variables, such as relative humidity, temperature fluctuations, and wetting-drying cycles. Calibration demonstrated strong agreement with experimental data, enabling reliable predictions of moisture behavior over extended exposure scenarios. This integrated approach provides a robust engineering tool for assessing the long-term material performance of AAC, predicting degradation risks, and optimizing material selection in humid climates. The study illustrates how coupling experimental data with digital modeling can enhance the design of moisture-resistant and durable building envelopes.
建筑材料中的水分传输对其耐久性、机械完整性和热性能有显著影响。本研究对一系列传统和现代墙体构件的透湿性进行了实验研究，这些构件包括蒸压加气混凝土（ACC）、陶瓷块、硅酸盐块、珍珠岩混凝土块和混凝土构件。在可控气候条件下，采用重量法和湿度法对蒸汽扩散和毛细传输机制进行了分析。在测试材料中，蒸压加气混凝土（AAC）因其孔隙率高、毛细作用强且在现代建筑中广泛使用，特别容易受到与水分相关的降解影响，因此被选用于详细的数值建模。基于实验结果，开发了一个数字孪生模型来模拟ACC墙体在各种环境条件下的湿热行为。该模型纳入了先进的水分传输方程，在考虑相对湿度、温度波动和干湿循环等实际变量的同时，捕捉扩散和毛细作用。校准结果表明与实验数据高度吻合，能够在长时间暴露情况下可靠地预测水分行为。这种综合方法为评估AAC的长期材料性能、预测降解风险以及在潮湿气候中优化材料选择提供了一个强大的工程工具。该研究说明了如何将实验数据与数字建模相结合，以改进防潮和耐用建筑围护结构的设计。
