Wesołowski Michał, Sobaś Aleksandra, Biedka Kamil, Karwacki Jakub, Bulski Jakub, Błaszczyk Katarzyna, Żełabowski Kacper, Ziobro Oliwia, Maj Filip Jacek, Sornat Karol, Estreicher Agata, Klasa Anna, Dłubak Andrzej, Sebzda Tadeusz
Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Division of Pathophysiology, Wroclaw Medical University, 10 Chalubinskiego Street, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 19A IX Wiekow Kielc Avenue, 25-317 Kielce, Poland.
J Clin Med. 2025 Sep 15;14(18):6494. doi: 10.3390/jcm14186494.
Cannabis is one of the most studied psychoactive substances due to its increasing prevalence and evolving legal status. Of particular concern is the rising consumption among young individuals, where excessive use may disrupt reproductive processes and pose long-term health risks to offspring. This narrative review examines the effects of cannabis use on male and female reproductive health, including its impact on male fertility, the female reproductive system, placental function, and prenatal and postnatal outcomes, as well as fetal development. A nonsystematic review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases in November 2024. After screening titles and abstracts and the full-text analysis, 64 studies were included in this narrative review. In men, cannabinoids can interfere with spermatogenesis, reduce sperm motility and quality, and lower testosterone levels, as demonstrated in clinical and experimental studies. In women, cannabinoid-induced disorders include negative effects on ovarian follicle maturation, ovulation, placental function, and prenatal development. Prenatal exposure to cannabis is associated with the risk of reduced birth weight, birth defects, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) or lactation problems due to the penetration of cannabis metabolites into breast milk. The findings highlight the potential negative effects of cannabis on reproductive health and fetal development. Given these risks, individuals attempting to conceive, and pregnant women should be advised against cannabis use. Greater awareness is needed among healthcare professionals and the public regarding the reproductive risks associated with cannabis consumption. While the evidence on teratogenic effects is not always conclusive, caution should be exercised, and further research is essential to deepen the understanding of these effects.
由于大麻的使用日益普遍且其法律地位不断演变，它是研究最多的精神活性物质之一。特别令人担忧的是年轻人中消费量的上升，过度使用可能会扰乱生殖过程，并对后代构成长期健康风险。这篇叙述性综述探讨了大麻使用对男性和女性生殖健康的影响，包括其对男性生育能力、女性生殖系统、胎盘功能、产前和产后结果以及胎儿发育的影响。2024年11月，我们使用PubMed、Scopus、科学网和谷歌学术数据库进行了非系统性综述。在筛选标题、摘要和进行全文分析后，本叙述性综述纳入了64项研究。临床和实验研究表明，在男性中，大麻素会干扰精子发生，降低精子活力和质量，并降低睾酮水平。在女性中，大麻素引起的紊乱包括对卵泡成熟、排卵、胎盘功能和产前发育的负面影响。产前接触大麻与出生体重降低、出生缺陷、婴儿猝死综合征（SIDS）或由于大麻代谢物渗入母乳而导致的哺乳问题的风险有关。这些发现凸显了大麻对生殖健康和胎儿发育的潜在负面影响。鉴于这些风险，应建议试图受孕的个体和孕妇避免使用大麻。医疗保健专业人员和公众需要提高对与大麻消费相关的生殖风险的认识。虽然关于致畸作用的证据并不总是确凿的，但应谨慎行事，进一步的研究对于加深对这些影响的理解至关重要。
