Deniz Genç Çiğdem, Korkmaz Salkılıç Esra, Anıl Berna, Akdemir Enes, Yılmaz Coşkun, Yılmaz Ali Kerim
Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun University, Samsun 55090, Türkiye.
Faculty of Yaşar Doğu Sport Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun 55270, Türkiye.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2025 Sep 8;61(9):1623. doi: 10.3390/medicina61091623.
The study aims to evaluate the effects of regular physical activity on ocular structures by comparing eye anterior segment structures and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) parameters between elite individual athletes and sedentary persons. This cross-sectional observational study included 75 participants (33 female and 42 male) aged 18-32 years. Participants consisted of 33 elite individual athletes (66 eyes) aged 18-32 years and 42 sedentary individuals (84 eyes) aged 18-28 years. The elite athlete group consisted of participants who had trained ≥ 3 times per week for the past 5 years and had competition experience in tennis (n = 11), badminton (n = 8), and short/middle distance running (n = 14). Sedentary participants had not engaged in regular physical activity for the last 2 years. Anterior segment structures were measured with ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), RNFL parameters were measured with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured with a non-contact pneumotonometer. When the anterior segment parameters were compared, a significance was found in the group effect ( = 0.021, ƞp2 = 0.036) in the TIA500 value, but the effects of side and gender were insignificant ( > 0.05). While the gender effect was found to be significant for the AOD500 ( = 0.030, ƞp2 = 0.032) and ARA500 ( = 0.019, ƞp2 = 0.038) variables, the group and side effects were statistically insignificant ( > 0.05). There was a significant difference in IOP values between sedentary individuals (15.82 ± 2.69) and athletes (14.61 ± 1.80) ( = 0.004, ƞp2 = 0.057). There was a significant difference between the right (15.71 ± 2.70) and left (14.87 ± 2.02) sides ( = 0.027, ƞp2 = 0.033). The effect of gender was not significant ( > 0.05). When the results were evaluated, a significant effect of the TEMPORAL side in RNFL parameters ( = 0.003, ƞp2 = 0.058) was observed. Correlations were seen between the anterior segment and RNFL parameters in both groups ( < 0.05). Athletes exhibited lower IOP compared with sedentary individuals, with similar RNFL parameters but distinct correlation patterns with anterior segment structures. These findings suggest that ocular parameters should be evaluated in an integrated manner and that physical activity may support ocular health by contributing to IOP reduction and potentially slowing the progression of eye diseases.
本研究旨在通过比较精英个体运动员和久坐不动者的眼前节结构及视网膜神经纤维层（RNFL）参数，评估规律体育活动对眼部结构的影响。这项横断面观察性研究纳入了75名年龄在18 - 32岁的参与者（33名女性和42名男性）。参与者包括33名年龄在18 - 32岁的精英个体运动员（66只眼）和42名年龄在18 - 28岁的久坐不动者（84只眼）。精英运动员组的参与者在过去5年中每周训练≥3次，且有网球（n = 11）、羽毛球（n = 8）和短/中距离跑步（n = 14）的比赛经验。久坐不动的参与者在过去2年中未进行规律的体育活动。使用超声生物显微镜（UBM）测量眼前节结构，使用光谱域光学相干断层扫描（SD - OCT）测量RNFL参数，使用非接触式眼压计测量眼压（IOP）。比较眼前节参数时，发现TIA500值存在组效应显著（= 0.021，ƞp2 = 0.036），但侧别和性别的影响不显著（> 0.05）。虽然发现AOD500（= 0.030，ƞp2 = 0.032）和ARA500（= 0.019，ƞp2 = 0.038）变量存在性别效应显著，但组和侧别的影响在统计学上不显著（> 0.05）。久坐不动者（15.82 ± 2.69）和运动员（14.61 ± 1.80）的眼压值存在显著差异（= 0.004，ƞp2 = 0.057）。右侧（15.71 ± 2.70）和左侧（14.87 ± 2.02）存在显著差异（= 0.027，ƞp2 = 0.033）。性别的影响不显著（> 0.05）。评估结果时，观察到RNFL参数中颞侧存在显著效应（= 0.003，ƞp2 = 0.058）。两组的眼前节和RNFL参数之间均存在相关性（< 0.05）。与久坐不动者相比，运动员的眼压较低，RNFL参数相似，但与眼前节结构的相关模式不同。这些发现表明，应综合评估眼部参数，体育活动可能通过降低眼压并可能减缓眼部疾病的进展来支持眼部健康。
