Cerri Federico, De Santes Beatrice, Spena Francesca, Salvioni Lucia, Forcella Matilde, Fusi Paola, Pagliari Stefania, Stahl Henrik, Galli Paolo, Colombo Miriam, Giustra Marco, Campone Luca
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences DISAT, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy.
MaRHE Centre (Marine Research and Higher Education Center), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll 12030, Maldives.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025 Aug 31;18(9):1308. doi: 10.3390/ph18091308.
(Forsk.) Vierh., a widely distributed mangrove species, is known for its diverse secondary metabolites with potential pharmacological applications. Despite its dominance in the Arabian Gulf, where may have adapted to extreme environmental conditions with a distinct set of bioactive molecules, research in this region remains limited. This study investigates the phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, and in vitro cytotoxicity of extracts from different plant parts, including roots, leaves, propagules, pericarps, and cotyledons, collected in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Extracts were analyzed using ultra-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS). Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH and ABTS assays, while cytotoxicity was evaluated against human cancer and normal cell lines. Analysis revealed 49 compounds, including iridoid glycosides, hydroxycinnamic acids, phenylethanoid glycosides, flavonoid glycosides, and triterpene saponins, several reported for the first time in and mangroves. The pericarp and root extracts exhibited the highest scavenging activity (DPPH: 187.14 ± 2.87 and 128.25 ± 1.12; ABTS: 217.16 ± 2.67 and 147.21 ± 2.42 μmol TE/g, respectively), correlating with phenylethanoid content. The root extract also displayed the highest cytotoxicity, with IC values of 58.46, 81.98, and 108.10 μg/mL against MDA-MB-231, SW480, and E705, respectively. In silico analysis identified triterpene saponins as potential contributors. These findings highlight the root extract of as a promising source of bioactive compounds with potential antioxidant and anticancer applications, supporting further exploration for novel therapeutic candidates.
(Forsk.) Vierh.是一种广泛分布的红树物种，以其具有潜在药理学应用的多种次生代谢产物而闻名。尽管它在阿拉伯湾占主导地位，可能已经通过一套独特的生物活性分子适应了极端环境条件，但该地区的研究仍然有限。本研究调查了从阿拉伯联合酋长国（阿联酋）收集的不同植物部位（包括根、叶、胚轴、果皮和子叶）提取物的植物化学成分、抗氧化活性和体外细胞毒性。使用超高压液相色谱与高分辨率质谱联用（UPLC-HRMS）对提取物进行分析。使用DPPH和ABTS试验评估抗氧化活性，同时针对人类癌症和正常细胞系评估细胞毒性。分析揭示了49种化合物，包括环烯醚萜苷、羟基肉桂酸、苯乙醇苷、黄酮苷和三萜皂苷，其中几种在该物种和红树林中首次报道。果皮和根提取物表现出最高的清除活性（DPPH：分别为187.14±2.87和128.25±1.12；ABTS：分别为217.16±2.67和147.21±2.42 μmol TE/g），与苯乙醇含量相关。根提取物还表现出最高的细胞毒性，对MDA-MB-231、SW480和E705的IC值分别为58.46、81.98和108.10 μg/mL。计算机模拟分析确定三萜皂苷为潜在的贡献成分。这些发现突出了该物种的根提取物作为具有潜在抗氧化和抗癌应用的生物活性化合物的有前景来源，支持进一步探索新型治疗候选物。
