Wójciak Magdalena, Sowa Ireneusz, Strzemski Maciej, Parzymies Marzena, Pogorzelec Magdalena, Stolarczyk Piotr, Płachno Bartosz J
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
Institute of Horticultural Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
Molecules. 2025 Sep 15;30(18):3746. doi: 10.3390/molecules30183746.
L. is a small aquatic plant that produces snap traps for capturing zooplankton prey. belongs to the family Droseraceae, which is well known for the production of secondary metabolites (especially naphthoquinones). However, compared to other species in this family ( and ), has been very poorly studied in terms of metabolites. : To fill this gap in knowledge, we investigated what secondary metabolites are present in the shoots of these plants. A hypothesis was tested stating that there are more metabolites in the younger (apical) parts of the shoots, which protect them from herbivores. : Shoots of were collected, and the plant material was extracted with methanol, followed by 80% methanol or pure acetone using the accelerated solvent extraction method. The phytochemical profile was established using UPLC-DAD-(ESI)-MS. : shoots contained gallic acid and its derivatives, ellagic acid and its derivatives, flavonoids, and naphthoquinones (plumbagin and hydroplumbagin hexoside). A gradient (apical-basal) of gallic acid, ellagic acid, plumbagin, and hydroplumbagin hexoside was observed in the shoots. Meanwhile, the total flavonoid content did not differ between the middle and apical parts but was significantly lower in the basal part. In general, the lowest concentrations of metabolites were found in the basal part and the highest in the apical part, with the exception of total flavonoids. The number of free flavonoid aglycones was significantly higher in the middle part, whereas the apical part was dominated by glycoside derivatives.
茅膏菜是一种小型水生植物，它会产生捕虫夹来捕获浮游动物猎物。它属于茅膏菜科，该科以产生次生代谢产物（尤其是萘醌）而闻名。然而，与该科的其他物种（如圆叶茅膏菜和锦地罗）相比，茅膏菜在代谢产物方面的研究非常少。目的：为了填补这一知识空白，我们研究了这些植物的茎中存在哪些次生代谢产物。我们检验了一个假设，即茎的较年轻（顶端）部分含有更多的代谢产物，这些代谢产物可以保护它们免受食草动物的侵害。方法：采集茅膏菜的茎，使用加速溶剂萃取法先用甲醇萃取植物材料，然后用80%甲醇或纯丙酮萃取。使用超高效液相色谱 - 二极管阵列检测器 - （电喷雾电离） - 质谱联用仪建立植物化学图谱。结果：茅膏菜的茎含有没食子酸及其衍生物、鞣花酸及其衍生物、黄酮类化合物和萘醌（矶松素和氢化矶松素己糖苷）。在茎中观察到没食子酸、鞣花酸、矶松素和氢化矶松素己糖苷呈梯度分布（从顶端到基部）。同时，中部和顶端部分的总黄酮含量没有差异，但基部部分的总黄酮含量显著较低。一般来说，除了总黄酮外，基部部分的代谢产物浓度最低，顶端部分最高。中部游离黄酮苷元的数量显著更高，而顶端部分则以糖苷衍生物为主。
