Gao Jiahao, Zhou Tianyang, Chen Zuchun, Zhang Ning, Guo Yusong, Wang Zhongduo, Shi Wenjun, Dong Zhongdian
Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
Toxics. 2025 Sep 12;13(9):773. doi: 10.3390/toxics13090773.
BPAF (Bisphenol AF), one of the primary substitutes for BPA (Bisphenol A), is widely used in the production of plastics, optical fibers, and other materials. During the use of these products, BPAF inevitably enters the environment and exerts toxic effects on animal growth, development, reproduction, immunity, neurology, and genetics. This study employed marine medaka () as the experimental model to evaluate the toxicological impacts of BPAF on early development. Embryos were exposed to four BPAF concentrations (0, 1 μg/L, 10 μg/L, and 100 μg/L) for 14 days (embryonic to larval stages), followed by phenotypic measurements, behavioral analysis, and gene expression detection. The results demonstrated that BPAF exposure induced developmental malformations and reduced survival rates in marine medaka embryos, with embryo survival negatively correlated with BPAF concentrations. Additionally, BPAF significantly decreased embryonic heart rates, and the 100 μg/L BPAF group exhibited prolonged embryo hatching time and reduced hatching success. In newly hatched larvae, BPAF exposure led to decreased body length, reduced heart rates, and significant suppression of swimming activity, characterized by increased resting time and reduced swimming distance. BPAF exposure altered the expression levels of genes associated with cardiovascular function (e.g., , ), the HPT axis (e.g., , , , , ), and neurodevelopment (e.g., , , ) in the medaka larvae. These transcriptional perturbations are proposed as potential molecular mechanisms underlying the observed phenotypic effects, including reduced heart rates and suppressed swimming behavior in the study. Molecularly, BPAF exposure significantly disrupted the expression of genes related to the cardiovascular system, HPT axis, and nervous system.
双酚AF（BPAF）是双酚A（BPA）的主要替代品之一，广泛应用于塑料、光纤及其他材料的生产中。在这些产品的使用过程中，BPAF不可避免地进入环境，并对动物的生长、发育、繁殖、免疫、神经和遗传产生毒性作用。本研究以海洋青鳉（）作为实验模型，评估BPAF对早期发育的毒理学影响。将胚胎暴露于四种BPAF浓度（0、1μg/L、10μg/L和100μg/L）下14天（从胚胎期到幼体期），随后进行表型测量、行为分析和基因表达检测。结果表明，暴露于BPAF会导致海洋青鳉胚胎出现发育畸形并降低存活率，胚胎存活率与BPAF浓度呈负相关。此外，BPAF显著降低胚胎心率，100μg/L BPAF组的胚胎孵化时间延长且孵化成功率降低。在新孵化的幼体中，暴露于BPAF会导致体长减小、心率降低，并显著抑制游泳活动，表现为静息时间增加和游泳距离缩短。暴露于BPAF会改变青鳉幼体中与心血管功能相关的基因（如，）、HPT轴相关基因（如，，，，）以及神经发育相关基因（如，，）的表达水平。这些转录扰动被认为是观察到的表型效应的潜在分子机制，包括本研究中出现的心率降低和游泳行为受抑制。从分子层面来看，暴露于BPAF会显著扰乱与心血管系统、HPT轴和神经系统相关的基因表达。
