Nunes Neto Joaquim Pinto, Dias Daniel Damous, Nascimento Bruna Laís Sena do, da Silva Sandro Patroca, da Silva Sâmia Luzia Sena, Reis Lúcia Aline Moura, Reis Hanna Carolina Farias, da Silva Fábio Silva, da Silva E Silva Lucas Henrique, Vieira Durval Bertram Rodrigues, Brandão Roberto Carlos Feitosa, Rosário Wallace Oliveira, Paiva Francisco Amilton Dos Santos, Júnior José Wilson Rosa, Nunes Bruno Tardelli Diniz, Martins Lívia Carício, Casseb Lívia Medeiros Neves, Cruz Ana Cecília Ribeiro
Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretariat of Health and Environment Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil.
Graduate Program in Parasitary Biology in the Amazon, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém 66095-663, PA, Brazil.
Viruses. 2025 Sep 18;17(9):1258. doi: 10.3390/v17091258.
Yellow fever (YF) is an acute and potentially fatal hemorrhagic disease caused by the Yellow Fever virus (YFV), endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and several tropical countries, including Brazil. In Brazil, the Amazon region is considered the main endemic area. YFV is maintained in a sylvatic cycle involving Neotropical primates and mosquitoes of the genera and , acting as primary and secondary vectors, respectively. In March 2024, entomovirological surveillance was conducted in Santa Bárbara do Pará, Pará, Brazil. A total of 286 mosquitoes were collected, classified into 13 species across nine genera, and grouped into 33 pools. Seventeen pools were tested by RT-qPCR for (YFV, DENV, WNV, SLEV), (CHIKV, MAYV), and (OROV). YFV was detected in four pools, with Ct values ranging from 22.2 to 27.9. Metagenomic sequencing confirmed the presence of YFV with assigned reads and >99% protein identity. Notably, the detection occurred without human cases or primate deaths, enabling timely vaccination of the local population. These findings confirm YFV circulation in forested areas of the Belém metropolitan region and reaffirm as a key vector. Our study reinforces the relevance of early entomovirological surveillance and preventive strategies, such as vaccination, to mitigate yellow fever reemergence.
黄热病（YF）是一种由黄热病毒（YFV）引起的急性且可能致命的出血性疾病，在撒哈拉以南非洲以及包括巴西在内的几个热带国家呈地方性流行。在巴西，亚马逊地区被认为是主要的地方性流行区。YFV在一个涉及新热带灵长类动物以及 属和 属蚊子的丛林循环中得以维持，这两个属的蚊子分别作为主要和次要传播媒介。2024年3月，在巴西帕拉州的圣巴巴拉杜帕拉开展了昆虫病毒学监测。共收集到286只蚊子，分为9个属的13个物种，并分成33组。对17组样本进行了逆转录定量聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）检测，以检测 （黄热病毒、登革病毒、西尼罗病毒、圣路易斯脑炎病毒）、 （基孔肯雅病毒、马亚罗病毒）和 （奥罗普切病毒）。在4组样本中检测到了黄热病毒，其循环阈值（Ct）值在22.2至27.9之间。宏基因组测序通过已分配的读数和大于99%的蛋白质同一性证实了黄热病毒的存在。值得注意的是，此次检测是在没有人类病例或灵长类动物死亡的情况下进行的，从而能够及时为当地居民接种疫苗。这些发现证实了黄热病毒在贝伦大都市区森林地区的传播，并再次确认 为关键传播媒介。我们的研究强化了早期昆虫病毒学监测和预防策略（如疫苗接种）对于减轻黄热病再次出现的相关性。
