Madirov Almas, Iksat Nurgul, Masalimov Zhaksylyk
Scientific Laboratory for Plant Biotechnology Named After Rustem Omarov, L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan.
Viruses. 2025 Sep 19;17(9):1268. doi: 10.3390/v17091268.
Plant viruses have evolved from being viewed exclusively as pathogens into versatile and powerful tools for modern biotechnology. Among them, Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) holds a special place due to its well-studied molecular biology and unique structural properties. This review systematizes the knowledge on TBSV's dual role as a multifunctional platform. On one hand, we cover its application as a viral vector for the highly efficient expression of recombinant proteins in plants, as well as a tool for functional genomics, including Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) and the delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing components. On the other hand, we provide a detailed analysis of the use of the stable and monodisperse TBSV virion in nanobiotechnology. Its capsid serves as an ideal scaffold for creating next-generation vaccine candidates, platforms for targeted drug delivery to tumor cells, and as a building block for the programmable self-assembly of complex nanoarchitectures. In conclusion, key challenges limiting the widespread adoption of the platform are discussed, including the genetic instability of vectors and difficulties in scalable purification, along with promising strategies to overcome them.
植物病毒已从单纯被视为病原体演变成现代生物技术中多功能且强大的工具。其中，番茄丛生矮缩病毒（TBSV）因其深入研究的分子生物学和独特的结构特性而占据特殊地位。本综述系统整理了关于TBSV作为多功能平台的双重作用的知识。一方面，我们阐述了其作为病毒载体在植物中高效表达重组蛋白的应用，以及作为功能基因组学工具的应用，包括病毒诱导基因沉默（VIGS）和CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑组件的递送。另一方面，我们详细分析了稳定且单分散的TBSV病毒粒子在纳米生物技术中的应用。其衣壳是创建下一代候选疫苗、靶向肿瘤细胞的药物递送平台以及复杂纳米结构可编程自组装的构建模块的理想支架。总之，讨论了限制该平台广泛应用的关键挑战，包括载体的遗传不稳定性和可扩展纯化的困难，以及克服这些挑战的有前景的策略。
