Tatineni Satyanarayana, Hein Gary L
U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583.
Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583.
Phytopathology. 2023 Feb;113(2):117-141. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-05-22-0167-RVW. Epub 2023 Feb 27.
Plant viruses cause significant losses in agricultural crops worldwide, affecting the yield and quality of agricultural products. The emergence of novel viruses or variants through genetic evolution and spillover from reservoir host species, changes in agricultural practices, mixed infections with disease synergism, and impacts from global warming pose continuous challenges for the management of epidemics resulting from emerging plant virus diseases. This review describes some of the most devastating virus diseases plus select virus diseases with regional importance in agriculturally important crops that have caused significant yield losses. The lack of curative measures for plant virus infections prompts the use of risk-reducing measures for managing plant virus diseases. These measures include exclusion, avoidance, and eradication techniques, along with vector management practices. The use of sensitive, high throughput, and user-friendly diagnostic methods is crucial for defining preventive and management strategies against plant viruses. The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies has great potential for detecting unknown viruses in quarantine samples. The deployment of genetic resistance in crop plants is an effective and desirable method of managing virus diseases. Several dominant and recessive resistance genes have been used to manage virus diseases in crops. Recently, RNA-based technologies such as dsRNA- and siRNA-based RNA interference, microRNA, and CRISPR/Cas9 provide transgenic and nontransgenic approaches for developing virus-resistant crop plants. Importantly, the topical application of dsRNA, hairpin RNA, and artificial microRNA and trans-active siRNA molecules on plants has the potential to develop GMO-free virus disease management methods. However, the long-term efficacy and acceptance of these new technologies, especially transgenic methods, remain to be established.
植物病毒在全球范围内给农作物造成了巨大损失，影响了农产品的产量和质量。通过遗传进化以及从储存宿主物种溢出而出现的新型病毒或变种、农业实践的变化、具有疾病协同作用的混合感染以及全球变暖的影响，对新兴植物病毒病引发的疫情管理构成了持续挑战。本综述描述了一些最具毁灭性的病毒病，以及在造成重大产量损失的重要农作物中具有区域重要性的特定病毒病。由于缺乏针对植物病毒感染的治愈措施，促使人们采用降低风险的措施来管理植物病毒病。这些措施包括排除、避免和根除技术，以及媒介管理措施。使用灵敏、高通量且用户友好的诊断方法对于确定针对植物病毒的预防和管理策略至关重要。新一代测序技术的出现对于检测检疫样品中的未知病毒具有巨大潜力。在作物中部署遗传抗性是管理病毒病的一种有效且理想的方法。已经使用了几个显性和隐性抗性基因来管理作物中的病毒病。最近，基于RNA的技术，如基于dsRNA和siRNA的RNA干扰、微小RNA和CRISPR/Cas9，为培育抗病毒作物提供了转基因和非转基因方法。重要的是，在植物上局部应用dsRNA、发夹RNA、人工微小RNA和反式作用siRNA分子有可能开发出无转基因的病毒病管理方法。然而，这些新技术，尤其是转基因方法的长期效果和可接受性仍有待确定。
