Acosta-Dacal Andrea, Melián Henríquez Adrián, Corbera Juan Alberto, Macías-Montes Ana, Zumbado Manuel, Ruiz-Suárez Norberto, Martín-Barrasa José Luis, Luzardo Octavio P, Tejedor-Junco María Teresa
Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" 17, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (HCV-ULPGC), Campus Universitario de Arucas, 35413 Arucas, Spain.
Vet Sci. 2025 Aug 29;12(9):829. doi: 10.3390/vetsci12090829.
Dromedary camels raised under semi-extensive management can act as One Health sentinels for environmental exposures and food chain surveillance, yet serum reference information remains scarce. Our objective was to provide the most comprehensive assessment to date of physiological and toxicological serum profiles in dromedary camels () from the Canary Islands. We included 114 clinically healthy animals of different sex, age, and reproductive status. Serum samples were analyzed for essential, toxic, and potentially toxic elements using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In addition, a high-throughput multi-residue method based on QuEChERS extraction followed by UHPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS was used to screen for 360 organic compounds, including pesticides, veterinary drugs, human pharmaceuticals, and persistent organic pollutants. Essential elements showed biologically consistent variations according to sex, age group, and pregnancy status. Males had higher levels of selenium and copper, while calves showed elevated concentrations of manganese and zinc. Pregnant females exhibited lower iron, zinc, and selenium levels, consistent with increased fetal demand. These results provide preliminary reference values for healthy camels, stratified by physiological status. In contrast, classical toxic elements such as arsenic, mercury, lead, and cadmium were found at very low or undetectable concentrations. Several potentially toxic elements, including barium, strontium, and rare earth elements, were detected sporadically but without toxicological concern. Only 13 organic compounds (3.6%) were detected in any sample, and concentrations were consistently low. The most prevalent was the PAH acenaphthene (55.3%), followed by the fungicide procymidone and the PAH fluorene. Notably, no residues of the usually detected 4,4'-DDE or PCB congeners were found in any sample. These findings confirm the low environmental and dietary exposure of camels under low-intensity farming systems and highlight their value as sentinel species for food safety and environmental monitoring.
在半粗放式管理模式下饲养的单峰驼可作为 One Health 的哨兵用于环境暴露和食物链监测，但血清参考信息仍然匮乏。我们的目标是提供迄今为止对加那利群岛单峰驼（）生理和毒理学血清谱最全面的评估。我们纳入了 114 只不同性别、年龄和生殖状态的临床健康动物。使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）分析血清样本中的必需元素、有毒元素和潜在有毒元素。此外，采用基于 QuEChERS 萃取、随后进行超高效液相色谱 - 串联质谱法（UHPLC-MS/MS）和气相色谱 - 串联质谱法（GC-MS/MS）的高通量多残留方法筛查 360 种有机化合物，包括农药、兽药、人用药品和持久性有机污染物。必需元素根据性别、年龄组和妊娠状态呈现出生物学上一致的变化。雄性硒和铜含量较高，而幼崽锰和锌浓度升高。怀孕雌性铁、锌和硒水平较低，这与胎儿需求增加一致。这些结果提供了按生理状态分层的健康骆驼的初步参考值。相比之下，砷、汞、铅和镉等经典有毒元素的浓度非常低或未检测到。包括钡、锶和稀土元素在内的几种潜在有毒元素偶尔被检测到，但无毒理学问题。任何样本中仅检测到 13 种有机化合物（3.6%），且浓度一直很低最为常见的是多环芳烃苊（55.3%），其次是杀菌剂腐霉利和多环芳烃芴。值得注意的是，任何样本中均未发现通常检测到的 4,4'-二氯二苯醚或多氯联苯同系物残留。这些发现证实了低强度养殖系统下骆驼的环境和饮食暴露水平较低，并突出了它们作为食品安全和环境监测哨兵物种的价值。
