El-Sayed Ahmed, Marzok Mohamed, Alqahtani Huda A, Tahoun Amin, Almubarak Adel I, Elkhidr Rasha Yassin, Al Mohamed Zakriya, Abdelnaby Elshymaa A, Babiker Hussein, Alharbi Hanan M, Alwutayd Khairiah M, Ateya Ahmed
Department of Animal Health and Poultry, Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center (DRC), Cairo 11753, Egypt.
Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Ahssaa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
Vet Sci. 2025 Sep 15;12(9):891. doi: 10.3390/vetsci12090891.
Pregnancy toxemia (PT) represents a significant metabolic disorder affecting small ruminants that causes substantial economic losses due to reduced productivity, reproductive failure, and high mortality. This study investigated the clinical, ultrasonographic, hematobiochemical, oxidative stress, and immunological profiles, as well as the gene expression and nucleotide sequence variations, associated with PT susceptibility in Shami goats. Fifty late-pregnant does (33 healthy and 17 PT-affected) were examined. Clinical evaluation, complete blood count, biochemical analysis, cytokine profiling, antioxidant assays, hepatic ultrasonography, quantitative real-time PCR of immune (IL6, IL8), antioxidant (SOD3, HMOX1), and lipogenic (ACACA, FASN) genes, and PCR-DNA sequencing were performed. PT does exhibit significant hypoglycemia, hyperketonemia, elevated liver and kidney function biomarkers, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress (↑ MDA, ↓ GSH, GPx, SOD, CAT), increased pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1α, IL1β, IL6, TNFα), and reduced IL10. Gene expression analysis revealed upregulation of IL6 and IL8 and downregulation of SOD3, HMOX1, ACACA, and FASN in PT does. Sequencing identified multiple synonymous and non-synonymous SNPs significantly associated with PT. Ultrasonography indicated hepatic fatty infiltration. Discriminant analysis using SNPs achieved 100% classification accuracy between healthy and PT does. These findings suggested that combined clinical, biochemical, oxidative, immunological, and genetic markers could enhance early PT diagnosis and may provide a basis for future studies aimed at selective breeding for improved resistance.
妊娠毒血症（PT）是影响小型反刍动物的一种严重代谢紊乱疾病，由于生产力下降、繁殖失败和高死亡率而导致巨大的经济损失。本研究调查了与沙米山羊PT易感性相关的临床、超声、血液生化、氧化应激和免疫特征，以及基因表达和核苷酸序列变异。对50只妊娠晚期母羊（33只健康羊和17只患PT羊）进行了检查。进行了临床评估、全血细胞计数、生化分析、细胞因子分析、抗氧化测定、肝脏超声检查、免疫（IL6、IL8）、抗氧化（SOD3、HMOX1）和脂肪生成（ACACA、FASN）基因的定量实时PCR以及PCR-DNA测序。患PT的母羊表现出明显的低血糖、高酮血症、肝功能和肾功能生物标志物升高、血脂异常、氧化应激（丙二醛↑、谷胱甘肽↓、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶↓、超氧化物歧化酶↓、过氧化氢酶↓）、促炎细胞因子增加（IL1α、IL1β、IL6、TNFα）以及IL10减少。基因表达分析显示，患PT的母羊中IL6和IL8上调，SOD�3、HMOX1、ACACA和FASN下调。测序鉴定出多个与PT显著相关的同义单核苷酸多态性（SNP）和非同义SNP。超声检查显示肝脏脂肪浸润。使用SNP进行判别分析在健康母羊和患PT的母羊之间实现了100%的分类准确率。这些发现表明，综合临床、生化、氧化、免疫和遗传标志物可以提高PT的早期诊断，并可能为未来旨在通过选择性育种提高抗性的研究提供基础。
