Temesgen Zoey B, Temesgen Zelalem, Bedimo Roger J
University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Public Health, Infectious Diseases, and Occupational Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Open Forum Infect Dis. 2025 Sep 25;12(9):ofaf562. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofaf562. eCollection 2025 Sep.
Increased prevalence of reduced bone mineral density (BMD) is well documented in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), or both. This study's purpose was to determine if an association exists between dietary calcium intake and BMD in these patients.
Participants were individuals with virologically suppressed HIV or untreated HCV monoinfections, those with HIV/HCV coinfection, and noninfected controls. The Hertzler-Frary dietary calcium questionnaire documented calcium intake with calcium amounts based on the US Department of Agriculture nutrient database. BMD was measured at baseline by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and χ tests were used to assess the relationship between BMD and infection status. One-way analysis of covariance was used to compare calcium intake data with the prevalence of normal BMD and osteoporosis by infection group. Adjustments were made for race, age, body mass index, and smoking status. Spearman correlation was used to identify relationships between calcium intake from foods/beverages and BMD.
A total of 452 men were recruited into the study. Osteoporosis and osteopenia were prevalent, but there was no association between infection group and BMD result ( = 6.813; = .34). Only HCV-infected patients with osteoporosis had lower calcium intake than patients with normal BMD (mean difference, 409 mg/d [95% confidence interval, 35-784 mg/d]; = .03).
In this study population, dietary calcium intake was correlated with reduced BMD only in patients with HCV monoinfection.
骨矿物质密度（BMD）降低在感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）或同时感染这两种病毒的人群中患病率增加，这一点已有充分记录。本研究的目的是确定这些患者的膳食钙摄入量与骨矿物质密度之间是否存在关联。
参与者包括病毒学抑制的HIV感染者、未经治疗的HCV单一感染者、HIV/HCV合并感染者以及未感染的对照组。赫兹勒 - 弗雷里膳食钙问卷根据美国农业部营养数据库记录钙摄入量。在基线时通过双能X线吸收法测量骨矿物质密度，并使用χ检验评估骨矿物质密度与感染状态之间的关系。使用单因素协方差分析比较各感染组的钙摄入量数据与正常骨矿物质密度和骨质疏松症的患病率。对种族、年龄、体重指数和吸烟状况进行了调整。使用斯皮尔曼相关性分析来确定食物/饮料中的钙摄入量与骨矿物质密度之间的关系。
共有452名男性被纳入该研究。骨质疏松症和骨质减少很普遍，但感染组与骨矿物质密度结果之间没有关联（χ² = 6.813；P = 0.34）。只有感染HCV且患有骨质疏松症的患者的钙摄入量低于骨矿物质密度正常的患者（平均差异为409 mg/d [95%置信区间，35 - 784 mg/d]；P = 0.03）。
在本研究人群中，仅HCV单一感染患者的膳食钙摄入量与骨矿物质密度降低相关。
