Mental health of children and young people with pre-existing eating problems during the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE

The study sought to explore mental health trajectories of children and young people (CYP) who retrospectively reported eating problems prior to the pandemic, over a 2-year period (2021-23). Given the rapid increase in eating disorder presentations during the pandemic, these CYP may be particularly susceptible to pandemic-related challenges, including social and functional restrictions.

METHODS

Data on 2023 CYP from the Children and Young People with Long COVID (CLoCk) study recruited Jan-March 2021 who completed questionnaires at 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-months post SARS-CoV-2 PCR-testing were analysed. Associations between baseline eating problems (N = 241) and emotional and behavioural symptoms (measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) total difficulties and impact scores) at each time-point were examined by regression models. Multi-level models were used to determine whether SDQ total and impact trajectories of those with/without prior self-reported eating problems differed.

RESULTS

Compared to CYP who did not report pre-existing eating problems, those that did had more mental health difficulties at all time points: reflected in significantly higher SDQ total difficulties and impact scores. However, mental health scores of CYP reporting pre-pandemic eating problems were stable over time. Whereas, CYP without eating problems had a slight increase in mental health difficulties over time. Differences between groups diminished but remained significant when controlling for potential confounding variables including prior mental health difficulties.

DISCUSSION

Young people with eating problems had more emotional and behavioural symptoms during 2021-23, compared with those that did not have eating problems. However, mental health did not worsen over time amongst CYP with pre-existing eating problems, providing evidence of some relative resilience to the effects of the pandemic in this population.

PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE

Eating disorders are a major public health concern and presentations have remained high since the Covid-19 pandemic. Understanding how eating difficulties relate to mental health symptomology over time has implications for service planning.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

Level III: Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort study.