Vidavalur Ramesh
Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
Cayuga Medical Center, 101 Dates Drive, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
Eur J Pediatr. 2025 Oct 2;184(10):653. doi: 10.1007/s00431-025-06421-0.
Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a common clinical condition that, if not promptly and effectively managed, may lead to rare but severe neurodevelopmental complications. This review traces the historical progression of screening, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches, highlights current standards such as phototherapy and immunotherapy, and examines emerging innovations including artificial intelligence and novel pharmacologic agents. It also addresses persistent global health disparities and explores future directions in research and precision medicine. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases, focusing on studies related to epidemiology, diagnostic strategies, and clinical management guidelines. Early recognition and intervention are essential to prevent both acute and long-term consequences. While phototherapy remains the mainstay of treatment, other adjunctive therapies are increasingly utilized in high-risk populations. Advances in screening and diagnostic technologies are reshaping individualized care, particularly in low-resource settings. Achieving global equity in neonatal jaundice outcomes requires technological advancement coupled with coordinated policy efforts, health system investment, and cross-sector collaboration to reduce preventable deaths and disability worldwide. Conclusion: Timely recognition and management of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia remain essential to prevent adverse outcomes. Advances in diagnostics, therapeutics, and global implementation strategies offer promising avenues to improve care and reduce disparities across diverse healthcare settings to reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality.
新生儿高胆红素血症是一种常见的临床病症，若不及时有效地处理，可能会导致罕见但严重的神经发育并发症。本综述追溯了筛查、诊断和治疗方法的历史演进，强调了诸如光疗和免疫疗法等当前标准，并审视了包括人工智能和新型药物制剂在内的新兴创新。它还探讨了持续存在的全球健康差距，并探究了研究和精准医学的未来方向。使用PubMed、Scopus和Cochrane数据库进行了全面的文献检索，重点关注与流行病学、诊断策略和临床管理指南相关的研究。早期识别和干预对于预防急性和长期后果至关重要。虽然光疗仍然是主要的治疗方法，但其他辅助疗法在高危人群中越来越多地被使用。筛查和诊断技术的进步正在重塑个性化医疗，尤其是在资源匮乏的地区。要在新生儿黄疸治疗结果方面实现全球公平，需要技术进步，同时还需要协调一致的政策努力、卫生系统投资以及跨部门合作，以减少全球范围内可预防的死亡和残疾。结论：及时识别和管理新生儿高胆红素血症对于预防不良后果仍然至关重要。诊断、治疗和全球实施策略的进步为改善医疗护理以及减少不同医疗环境之间的差距以降低新生儿发病率和死亡率提供了有希望的途径。
