Ali Amir, Alam Mohammad Mahtab, Pamucar Dragan, Majeed Abdul, Ali Zeeshan
Department of Mathematics, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir(L), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia.
Sci Rep. 2025 Oct 1;15(1):34274. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-16538-9.
A gain-assisted atomic medium controls and modifies spatial solitons of reflection and transmission of structured light. Structured light pulses of reflection and transmission are generated and analyzed by azimuthal quantum numbers dependent on control driving fields in the medium. The study revealed the formation of spatial bright and dark solitons. The bright and dark soliton splitting regions are linearly increasing according to azimuthal quantum numbers of formula [Formula: see text]. Two, four, six, and eight bright and dark soliton regions are investigated with the azimuthal quantum number of [Formula: see text]. The structured light of the reflection pulse maintained a constant shape, exhibiting weak nonlinearity along the x-axis and strong nonlinearity along the y-axis. However, the structured light transmission pulse displayed varying shapes, influenced by the balanced nonlinearities along both the x- and y-axes at higher azimuthal quantum number [Formula: see text], leading to stable propagation of spatial bright solitons. These findings highlight the significant role of the structured light effect in controlling and stabilizing soliton dynamics, with potential applications in nonlinear optics, traffic flow, signal processing, plasma physics, quantum field theory, and optical soliton interferometry.
增益辅助原子介质控制并修改结构光反射和透射的空间孤子。通过依赖于介质中控制驱动场的方位角量子数来产生和分析结构光的反射和透射脉冲。该研究揭示了空间亮孤子和暗孤子的形成。亮孤子和暗孤子的分裂区域根据公式[公式：见原文]的方位角量子数呈线性增加。利用方位角量子数[公式：见原文]研究了两个、四个、六个和八个亮孤子和暗孤子区域。反射脉冲的结构光保持恒定形状，沿x轴呈现弱非线性，沿y轴呈现强非线性。然而，在较高方位角量子数[公式：见原文]时，结构光透射脉冲呈现出变化的形状，受到沿x轴和y轴的平衡非线性的影响，导致空间亮孤子的稳定传播。这些发现突出了结构光效应在控制和稳定孤子动力学方面的重要作用，在非线性光学、交通流、信号处理、等离子体物理、量子场论和光孤子干涉测量等方面具有潜在应用。
