Xiao Shu-Yan, Lv Ya-Hui, Ji Yin-Min, Dong Yi, Liu Mei-Cen, Li Tao, Cui Xiao-Ran, Hu Yi
Senior Department of Oncology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China.
Mol Biol Rep. 2025 Oct 14;52(1):1026. doi: 10.1007/s11033-025-11116-8.
The NLRP3 inflammasome, a key regulatory component in the innate immune system, bridges pathogen recognition to chronic disease pathogenesis by modulating pyroptosis, inflammatory factor release, and metabolic homeostasis. Its central role in inflammatory cascades has positioned it as a prime therapeutic target. This review delineates the NLRP3 inflammasome's pathological contributions to multisystem disorders-spanning neurological, cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, urological, endocrine, and rheumatological immune diseases-while systematically evaluating associated therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, we consolidate the classical activation pathways of this molecular complex and discuss targeted inhibition approaches against both the NLRP3 inflammasome and its downstream effectors. Collectively, this work establishes a critical framework for understanding disease mechanisms and advancing translational interventions.
NLRP3炎性小体是固有免疫系统中的关键调节成分，通过调节细胞焦亡、炎性因子释放和代谢稳态，将病原体识别与慢性疾病发病机制联系起来。其在炎症级联反应中的核心作用使其成为主要的治疗靶点。本综述阐述了NLRP3炎性小体对多系统疾病（包括神经、心血管、呼吸、胃肠、泌尿、内分泌和风湿免疫疾病）的病理贡献，同时系统评估了相关治疗策略。此外，我们整合了该分子复合物的经典激活途径，并讨论了针对NLRP3炎性小体及其下游效应器的靶向抑制方法。总体而言，这项工作为理解疾病机制和推进转化干预措施建立了一个关键框架。
