Price D L, Porter K R
J Cell Biol. 1972 Apr;53(1):24-37. doi: 10.1083/jcb.53.1.24.
The morphological changes induced in the frog ventral horn neurons by axonal transection have been studied with the electron microscope. During the first 2 wk after axotomy the neuronal nucleus becomes more translucent and the nucleolus becomes enlarged and less compact. The cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum vesiculate and ribosomes dissociate from membranes. Free ribosomes and polysomes are dispersed in the cytoplasmic matrix. Neurofilaments and neurotubules are increased in number. These structures appear to be important in the regeneration of the axon. It is proposed that neurotubules, neurofilaments, and axoplasmic matrix are synthesized by the free polyribosomes in the chromatolytic neuron. By the fourth postoperative week, the neurons show evidence of recovery. The cytoplasm is filled with profiles of granular endoplasmic reticulum and many intercisternal polysomes. The substances being manufactured by the newly formed granular endoplasmic reticulum are not clearly defined, but probably include elements essential to electrical and chemical conduction of impulses. The significance of these observations in respect to recent studies of axoplasmic flow is discussed.
用电子显微镜研究了轴突切断对青蛙腹角神经元诱导产生的形态学变化。在轴突切断后的头两周内，神经元细胞核变得更加透明，核仁增大且密度降低。粗面内质网池形成小泡，核糖体从膜上解离。游离核糖体和多聚核糖体分散在细胞质基质中。神经丝和神经微管数量增加。这些结构似乎在轴突再生中很重要。有人提出，神经微管、神经丝和轴浆基质是由染色质溶解神经元中的游离多核糖体合成的。术后第四周，神经元显示出恢复的迹象。细胞质中充满了粗面内质网的轮廓和许多池间多聚核糖体。新形成的粗面内质网所制造的物质尚不清楚，但可能包括对冲动的电传导和化学传导至关重要的成分。讨论了这些观察结果与最近轴浆流研究的关系。
