The energy transductions at the level of the acetyl-coenzyme A and of cytochrome molecules.

According to the model presented in this paper, the free energy necessary to the synthesis of the ATP molecules is delivered by a unique mechanism. This mechanism consists in the formation of an (Y:X) orbital, which turns with an angle, having the X atom as a pivot point, such that the Y atom is left out from the covalent bond and is replaced by a proton, released from a water molecule. Thus, a new (X:H) orbital is formed. In this first stage, within the newly formed (X:H) orbital the proton is situated at an internuclear distance equal to the length of the hydrogen bond (X...H). Then, the proton moves towards the nucleus of the X atom until it reaches the internuclear distance corresponding to the minimum energy. By the proton displacement, the two electrons of the (X:H) orbital arrive on an excited state level. Then they fall on their corresponding fundamental orbital, releasing two waves of electronic excitation. The two waves of electronic excitation are further transmitted to an acceptor of energy molecule.