Effects of TPA023B, an α2/3/5GABA subtype-selective partial allosteric modulator, on fentanyl-induced respiratory depression in male rats: comparison with the non-selective benzodiazepine midazolam.

RATIONALE

Opioid-related overdose deaths involving benzodiazepines have increased in recent years, and prior studies have reported that clinically used benzodiazepines can enhance the respiratory-depressant effects of mu opioid receptor (MOR) agonists. TPA023B is an α1-sparing GABA positive allosteric modulator developed as a potential anxiolytic with fewer benzodiazepine-typical side effects. However, it is unknown if and to what degree TPA023B can affect MOR-agonist induced respiratory depression.

OBJECTIVES

The current study compared the effects of either TPA023B or midazolam, alone and combined with fentanyl, on respiratory depression in rats, using whole-body plethysmography.

METHODS

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with chronic indwelling intravenous (i.v.) catheters for drug infusions. Respiration (frequency, tidal volume, and minute volume) was measured using whole-body plethysmography. The tests consisted of a pretreatment (midazolam, 30 mg/kg; i.v.; TPA023B, 1.0 mg/kg; i.v; or vehicle) followed by a fentanyl injection (0.01, 0.03, 0.1 mg/kg, i.v., or vehicle) and 60 min of respiration assessment.

RESULTS

Overall, fentanyl alone, but not TPA023B or midazolam alone, produced dose-dependent reductions in tidal volume and minute volume. When administered as pre-treatments, neither midazolam nor TPA023B increased the magnitude of fentanyl-induced respiratory depression, instead producing prolonged reductions in tidal volume and minute volume. Midazolam produced a more sustained reduction in these parameters than TPA023B.

CONCLUSIONS

Benzodiazepines prolong fentanyl-induced respiratory depression, but this effect may be reduced by eliminating activity at α1GABA receptor subtypes.