Jahanian-Najafabadi Amir, Davoodi Elaheh
Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
Independent Researcher, Tehran, Iran.
Front Aging Neurosci. 2025 Oct 20;17:1646172. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2025.1646172. eCollection 2025.
Motor learning refers to a set of processes associated with practice and experience that are essential for acquiring new skills and adapting behavior throughout the lifespan. Mastery of motor skills plays a crucial role in maintaining autonomy and quality of life, particularly in aging populations. This learning process relies on internal neural mechanisms that lead to enduring changes in movement capability, yet the underlying functional and anatomical adaptations in sensorimotor circuits remain incompletely understood. These adaptations are often influenced by both task characteristics and age, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of brain activity related to motor learning. In this pre-registered systematic review, we synthesized evidence from experimental studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the relationship between motor learning and brain activities, specifically as measured by resting-state and task-related electroencephalography (EEG). We conducted a comprehensive literature search, identifying studies published in English between 2008 and May 2025 from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases and identified from web pages. After initial screening of 1,910 articles by title and abstract, a total of 80 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the final review. Studies were assessed for methodological quality in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Our review focuses on EEG oscillatory activity across young, middle-aged, and older adults during motor skill acquisition, motor learning, adaptation and motor inhibitory control. We examined whether specific EEG features are linked to predicting motor learning performance, and explored how oscillatory patterns vary by task type, complexity, and age. By integrating findings across diverse studies, this review aims to advance our understanding of the neural mechanisms that support motor learning and its dimensions and inform the development of targeted, age-appropriate empirical research in healthy populations. CRD42024569699.
运动学习是指与练习和经验相关的一系列过程，这些过程对于在整个生命周期中获得新技能和调整行为至关重要。运动技能的掌握在维持自主性和生活质量方面起着关键作用，尤其是在老年人群体中。这个学习过程依赖于导致运动能力持久变化的内部神经机制，然而感觉运动回路中潜在的功能和解剖学适应仍未被完全理解。这些适应通常受到任务特征和年龄的影响，凸显了深入了解与运动学习相关的大脑活动的必要性。在这项预先注册的系统评价中，我们综合了来自实验研究和随机对照试验（RCT）的证据，这些研究考察了运动学习与大脑活动之间的关系，特别是通过静息态和任务相关脑电图（EEG）测量的关系。我们进行了全面的文献检索，从PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science数据库以及网页中识别出2008年至2025年5月期间以英文发表的研究。在通过标题和摘要对1910篇文章进行初步筛选后，共有80项研究符合纳入标准并被纳入最终评价。根据PRISMA指南对研究的方法学质量进行评估。我们的综述重点关注年轻人、中年人和老年人在运动技能习得、运动学习、适应和运动抑制控制过程中的脑电图振荡活动。我们研究了特定的脑电图特征是否与预测运动学习表现相关，并探讨了振荡模式如何因任务类型、复杂性和年龄而异。通过整合不同研究的结果，本综述旨在推进我们对支持运动学习及其维度的神经机制的理解，并为健康人群中针对性的、适合年龄的实证研究的发展提供信息。CRD42024569699。
