Piyasena Mapa Prabhath, Malcolm Kelly, Coghlan Sean, Patterson Rolvix, Virgili Gianni, Chan Ving Fai, Donnelly Peter D, Kennedy Neil, Emmett Susan D, Hampton Thomas, Umar Eric, Little Julie-Anne, Fazel Seena, Congdon Nathan
Vision and Eye Research Institute, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Social Care, School of Medicine, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Cochlear Centre for Hearing and Public Health, John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA.
EClinicalMedicine. 2025 Oct 23;89:103590. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2025.103590. eCollection 2025 Nov.
More than 250,000 children <18 years were incarcerated globally in 2020, and 1.5 million cycle through custody annually. We reviewed studies reporting associations of vision/hearing impairment with the criminal justice encounters among young people aged 10-24 years.
We searched PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, legal and social science data bases to identify studies that describe vision impairment/eye disease and hearing impairment/ear disease among incarcerated youth from inception to 1 June 2025. We included studies of any design assessing criminal justice system contacts among young people with such impairments. Study selection, data extraction and evaluation of bias and quality were done by two reviewers. We performed narrative summaries of prevalence due to high heterogeneity and provided a meta-analysis for odds of vision/hearing impairment among incarcerated youth compared to controls. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42022319876.
We identified 94 eligible full-texts for screening among 10070 assessed. Twenty-three studies (median year of publication 1989) including 34,993 participants (mean age 15.8 years, range 10.2-20.9) were included in analyses. The reported prevalence of vision impairment among incarcerated youth ranged from 1.35% to 66.0% (16 studies), hearing impairment from 1.36% to 50.4% (11 studies). In meta-analysis of four studies providing control samples, odds of hearing impairment were increased among incarcerated youth compared to controls (Odds Ratio [OR] 4.20, 95% CI 1.79-9.86; p < 0.001, I = 48.4%). Six studies on vision impairment reported a pooled OR of 1.60 (95% CI 0.95-2·70; p = 0.08, I = 69.9%); leave-one-out meta-analysis found removal of a single outlying study left a highly significant OR (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.65-2.19; p < 0.001).
The prevalence of vision and hearing impairment are higher among incarcerated youth than the general population, although highly variable. These results highlight the need for screening and treatment of vision and hearing conditions at reception into prisons and follow up on release.
Co-first author Mapa Prabhath Piyasena was funded by the Wellcome Trust United Kingdom (Grant No: 222490/Z/21/Z) from year May/2022 to April/2024. Co-author Thomas Hampton is supported by the Wellcome Trust United Kingdom (Grant No: 203919/Z/16/Z). Co-author Dr Rolvix Patterson is supported by the NIH NIDCD training grant R25DC020172, NIH Fogarty International Center Grant D43TW009340, and the Duke Hubert Yeargan Center for Global Health.
2020年全球有超过25万名18岁以下儿童被监禁，每年有150万人经历监禁。我们回顾了报告10至24岁年轻人中视力/听力障碍与刑事司法接触之间关联的研究。
我们检索了PubMed、EMBASE、PsycINFO、Web of Science、Scopus、Cochrane、法律和社会科学数据库，以识别自研究起始至2025年6月1日描述被监禁青少年视力障碍/眼病和听力障碍/耳病的研究。我们纳入了评估有此类障碍的年轻人与刑事司法系统接触情况的任何设计的研究。研究选择、数据提取以及偏倚和质量评估由两名审阅者完成。由于异质性高，我们对患病率进行了叙述性总结，并对被监禁青少年与对照组相比视力/听力障碍的几率进行了荟萃分析。本研究已在PROSPERO注册，注册号为CRD42022319876。
在评估的10070篇文献中，我们确定了94篇符合筛选条件的全文。纳入分析的有23项研究（发表年份中位数为1989年），共34993名参与者（平均年龄15.8岁，范围10.2 - 20.9岁）。报告的被监禁青少年视力障碍患病率在1.35%至66.0%之间（16项研究），听力障碍患病率在1.36%至50.4%之间（11项研究）。在四项提供对照样本的研究的荟萃分析中，与对照组相比，被监禁青少年听力障碍的几率增加（优势比[OR] 4.20，95%置信区间1.79 - 9.86；p < 0.001，I² = 48.4%）。六项关于视力障碍的研究报告的合并OR为1.60（95%置信区间0.95 - 2.70；p = 0.08，I² = 69.9%）；逐一排除法荟萃分析发现，排除一项离群研究后，OR值非常显著（OR 1.90，95%置信区间1.65 - 2.19；p < 0.001）。
被监禁青少年中视力和听力障碍的患病率高于一般人群，尽管差异很大。这些结果凸显了在入狱时对视力和听力状况进行筛查和治疗以及在释放后进行随访的必要性。
共同第一作者马帕·普拉巴特·皮亚塞纳在2022年5月至2024年4月期间由英国惠康信托基金会资助（资助编号：222490/Z/21/Z）。共同作者托马斯·汉普顿得到英国惠康信托基金会的支持（资助编号：203919/Z/16/Z）。共同作者罗尔维克斯·帕特森博士得到美国国立卫生研究院国家聋哑和其他交流障碍研究所培训资助R25DC020172、美国国立卫生研究院福格蒂国际中心资助D43TW009340以及杜克大学休伯特·耶尔根全球健康中心的支持。
