Arunsi Uche Okuu, Ezirim Daniel Chukwuebuka, Arunsi Chinonye Courage, Altayyar Ahmad, Uche Eke Godswill, Jonathan Favour Chidera, Opieh Aluba Kalu, Anadi Ifeoma Vivian, Ofoegbu Clinton Ositadinma, Nwankwo Victor Chukwubuike, Ugbogu Eziuche Amadike, Etusim Paschal Emeka, Owumi Solomon
School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0400, USA.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu PMB 2000, Abia State, Nigeria.
Cancers (Basel). 2025 Oct 31;17(21):3507. doi: 10.3390/cancers17213507.
Environmental pollution, driven by industrialization, urbanization, and agricultural practices, has intensified global ecological degradation. Among the most concerning pollutants is PFOS, a synthetic compound known for its chemical stability, environmental persistence, and bioaccumulative potential. Widely utilised in industrial and consumer products, PFOS infiltrates ecosystems and food chains, posing substantial risks to human and animal health. Upon exposure, PFOS disrupts lipid metabolism, damages cellular membranes, and alters signaling pathways through partial metabolism by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Accumulating evidence links PFOS to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endocrine disruption, neurotoxicity, and immunotoxicity. Critically, PFOS contributes to the development and progression of prostate, breast, and ovarian cancers via mechanisms such as hormonal interference, chronic inflammation, and epigenetic modifications. Epidemiological studies further associate elevated PFOS serum levels with increased cancer risk, particularly in occupationally and environmentally exposed populations. This review brings together the latest knowledge on PFOS emissions, mechanistic toxicity, and cancer-causing potential, highlighting the urgent need for focused research and improved regulatory measures to safeguard public health.
由工业化、城市化和农业活动驱动的环境污染加剧了全球生态退化。全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）是最令人担忧的污染物之一，它是一种合成化合物，以其化学稳定性、环境持久性和生物累积潜力而闻名。PFOS广泛应用于工业和消费品中，它会渗透到生态系统和食物链中，对人类和动物健康构成重大风险。接触PFOS后，它会扰乱脂质代谢，损害细胞膜，并通过细胞色素P450酶的部分代谢改变信号通路。越来越多的证据表明PFOS与氧化应激、线粒体功能障碍、内分泌干扰、神经毒性和免疫毒性有关。至关重要的是，PFOS通过激素干扰、慢性炎症和表观遗传修饰等机制促进前列腺癌、乳腺癌和卵巢癌的发生和发展。流行病学研究进一步将血清中PFOS水平升高与癌症风险增加联系起来，特别是在职业和环境暴露人群中。本综述汇集了关于PFOS排放、作用机制毒性和致癌潜力的最新知识，强调了开展针对性研究和改进监管措施以保障公众健康的迫切需求。
