Wang Yueyou, Wang Jingyuan, Li Han, Deng Siyun, Li Yanli
Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
Cell Biochem Funct. 2025 Nov;43(11):e70140. doi: 10.1002/cbf.70140.
Cancer immunotherapy, focusing on breaking tumor microenvironment (TME) immunosuppression, is limited by heterogeneity and drug resistance. Exosomes, 30-150 nm extracellular vesicles(EVs) carrying proteins, lipids, and noncoding RNAs, mediate intercellular communication and play dual roles in tumors. This review explores their multifaceted functions in cancer immunotherapy: in TME, tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) drive immunosuppression, cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs) activation, and angiogenesis to promote progression and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) resistance; diagnostically, exosomal biomolecules (e.g., urinary miR-424/423/660/let-7i, serum LINC01125) serve as sensitive liquid biopsy markers for early detection and monitoring; therapeutically, engineered exosomes (e.g., DC-derived antigen-loaded ones) activate antitumor immunity and reverse ICIs resistance. These findings highlight exosomes' potential as diagnostic and therapeutic tools, laying a foundation for personalized cancer treatment.
癌症免疫疗法专注于打破肿瘤微环境（TME）的免疫抑制，但受到异质性和耐药性的限制。外泌体是直径为30 - 150纳米的细胞外囊泡（EVs），携带蛋白质、脂质和非编码RNA，介导细胞间通讯，并在肿瘤中发挥双重作用。本文综述探讨了它们在癌症免疫疗法中的多方面功能：在肿瘤微环境中，肿瘤来源的外泌体（TDEs）驱动免疫抑制、癌症相关成纤维细胞（CAFs）激活和血管生成，以促进肿瘤进展和免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）耐药；在诊断方面，外泌体生物分子（如尿液中的miR - 424/423/660/let - 7i、血清中的LINC01125）作为敏感的液体活检标志物用于早期检测和监测；在治疗方面，工程化外泌体（如树突状细胞衍生的负载抗原的外泌体）激活抗肿瘤免疫并逆转ICIs耐药。这些发现凸显了外泌体作为诊断和治疗工具的潜力，为个性化癌症治疗奠定了基础。
