Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA.
Trends Cancer. 2020 Jun;6(6):506-517. doi: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.02.013. Epub 2020 Mar 17.
Cells can communicate through extracellular vesicle (EV) secretion and uptake. Exosomes are lipid bilayer-enclosed EVs of 30-150 nm in diameter, which can transfer RNA, functional proteins, lipids, and metabolites to recipient cells in vivo. Most cell types, including immune cells, can secrete and uptake exosomes. Biogenesis, secretion, and uptake of immune cell-derived exosomes are regulated by intracellular proteins and extracellular stimuli. Immune cell-derived exosomes can mediate crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity and regulate cancer progression and metastasis. The dichotomous roles of immune cell-derived exosomes towards tumor cells can induce suppressive or active immune responses. Hence, immune cell-secreted exosomes may have applications in cancer diagnosis and immunotherapy and could potentially be developed for vaccination and chemotherapy drug transportation.
细胞可以通过细胞外囊泡（EV）的分泌和摄取进行通讯。外泌体是直径为 30-150nm 的双层脂囊泡，可将 RNA、功能蛋白、脂质和代谢物转导至体内的受体细胞。包括免疫细胞在内的大多数细胞类型都可以分泌和摄取外泌体。免疫细胞来源的外泌体的生物发生、分泌和摄取受细胞内蛋白和细胞外刺激的调节。免疫细胞来源的外泌体可以介导固有免疫和适应性免疫之间的串扰，并调节癌症的进展和转移。免疫细胞来源的外泌体对肿瘤细胞的双重作用可以诱导抑制性或活性免疫应答。因此，免疫细胞分泌的外泌体可应用于癌症诊断和免疫治疗，并可能被开发用于疫苗接种和化疗药物运输。
