Chiu Amanda, Donahue Steven, Torgersen Zachary, Ternent Charles
Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Creighton University School of Medicine, 9850 Nicholas Street Suite 100, Omaha, NE 68114, USA.
Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Creighton University School of Medicine, 9850 Nicholas Street Suite 100, Omaha, NE 68114, USA.
Surg Clin North Am. 2026 Feb;106(1):1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.suc.2025.08.002. Epub 2025 Sep 13.
Anal fissures are a common anorectal condition typically occurring in the midline. They often present with pain and bleeding though presentation can be variable. Most fissures are associated with hypertonic anal sphincter, though other etiologies include infection, inflammatory bowel disease, and malignancy. Diagnosis is primarily clinical. Initial management involves increased fiber and fluid intake, and symptom management. Chronic fissures may require topical nitrates, calcium channel blockers, botulinum toxin, or surgery. Lateral internal sphincterotomy is the gold standard surgical management. Special considerations exist for certain patient populations.
肛裂是一种常见的肛肠疾病，通常发生在中线部位。虽然表现可能各不相同，但常伴有疼痛和出血。大多数肛裂与肛门括约肌张力过高有关，不过其他病因包括感染、炎症性肠病和恶性肿瘤。诊断主要依靠临床症状。初始治疗包括增加纤维和液体摄入量以及症状管理。慢性肛裂可能需要局部使用硝酸盐、钙通道阻滞剂、肉毒杆菌毒素或手术治疗。外侧内括约肌切开术是手术治疗的金标准。某些患者群体存在特殊注意事项。
