Lichtenstein E P, Liang T T, Anderegg B N
Science. 1973 Aug 31;181(4102):847-9. doi: 10.1126/science.181.4102.847.
The herbicides atrazine, simazine, monuron, and 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) enhanced the toxicity of selected insecticides to Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, Musca domestica L., and larvae of Aedes aegypti L. The insecticides-nine organophosphorus compounds, two chlorinated hydrocarbons, and one carbamate-were used at dosages that resulted in low insect mortalities, while the herbicides by themselves were nontoxic. Atrazine was most effective. With increasing amounts of this herbicide and constant amounts of some insecticides, increasing mortalities of fruit flies were observed. Exposure of the insects for 24 hours to carbofuran (0.5 microgram), p,p'-DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane] (4 micrograms), parathion (0.35 microgram), and diazinon (0.2 microgram) alone resulted in mortalities of 7.5, 9.5, 8, and 10.5 percent, respectively. Based on dosage mortality curves obtained with increasing amounts of atrazine, mortalities of 50 percent of the insect populations would have been achieved with 23, 40, 6, and 10 micrograms of atrazine added to the abovementioned dosages of carbofuran, DDT, parathion, and diazinon, respectively.
除草剂阿特拉津、西玛津、灭草隆和2,4 - D（2,4 - 二氯苯氧乙酸）增强了某些杀虫剂对黑腹果蝇（Meigen）、家蝇（Musca domestica L.）和埃及伊蚊幼虫（Aedes aegypti L.）的毒性。所使用的杀虫剂包括九种有机磷化合物、两种氯代烃和一种氨基甲酸酯，其用量导致昆虫死亡率较低，而除草剂本身无毒。阿特拉津最为有效。随着这种除草剂用量的增加以及某些杀虫剂用量保持不变，观察到果蝇死亡率不断上升。将昆虫单独暴露24小时于呋喃丹（0.5微克）、p,p'-滴滴涕[1,1,1 - 三氯 - 2,2 - 双（对氯苯基）乙烷]（4微克）、对硫磷（0.35微克）和二嗪农（0.2微克）时，死亡率分别为7.5%、9.5%、8%和10.5%。根据随着阿特拉津用量增加所得到的剂量 - 死亡率曲线，在上述呋喃丹、滴滴涕、对硫磷和二嗪农的用量中分别添加23微克、40微克、6微克和10微克阿特拉津时，昆虫种群死亡率将达到50%。
