Murnik M R, Nash C L
J Toxicol Environ Health. 1977 Nov;3(4):691-7. doi: 10.1080/15287397709529603.
Assays for dominant lethal mutations, sex-linked recessive lethal mutations, and chromosomal breakage, nondisjunction and loss were performed on Drosophila melanogaster males treated by injection or by larval feeding of the herbicides atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine), cyanazine [2-chloro-4-(1-cyano-1-methylethylamino)-6-ethylamino-1,3,5-triazine], or simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis-(ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazine]. The three herbicides significantly increased the rate of apparent dominant lethals, but this reduction in egg hatch was probably due to physiologic toxicity to sperm. Atrazine significantly increased X-linked recessive lethals and X or Y loss after treatment by larval feeding. Injection of simazine elevated X-linked lethals, whereas treatment by larval feeding did not. None of these herbicides significantly increased partial loss of the Y chromosome nor sex chromosome nondisjunction. Much larger experiments are needed to determine with confidence the mutagenic potential of these herbicides.
对经注射或幼虫喂食除草剂阿特拉津（2-氯-4-乙氨基-6-异丙氨基-1,3,5-三嗪）、氰草津[2-氯-4-(1-氰基-1-甲基乙氨基)-6-乙氨基-1,3,5-三嗪]或西玛津[2-氯-4,6-双(乙氨基)-1,3,5-三嗪]处理的黑腹果蝇雄性进行了显性致死突变、性连锁隐性致死突变以及染色体断裂、不分离和丢失的检测。这三种除草剂显著提高了显性致死率，但卵孵化率的降低可能是由于对精子的生理毒性。幼虫喂食阿特拉津后，显著增加了X连锁隐性致死率以及X或Y染色体的丢失。注射西玛津可提高X连锁致死率，而幼虫喂食则无此效果。这些除草剂均未显著增加Y染色体的部分丢失或性染色体不分离。需要进行更大规模的实验才能确定这些除草剂的诱变潜力。
