Whipple R L, Morris D C, Feiner J M, Merrill A J, Miller J I
J Clin Ultrasound. 1977 Dec;5(6):417-22. doi: 10.1002/jcu.1870050613.
Six patients with aortic regurgitation secondary to flail aortic valve leaflet syndrome were studied echocardiographically, angiographically, surgically, and pathologically. The etiology of flail aortic leaflet was myxomatous degeneration in four patients and bacterial endocarditis in two. The echocardiographic manifestations of flail aortic valve leaflet are diastolic fluttering of the aortic cusp echoes, abnormal systolic aortic leaflet movement, and abnormal diastolic fluttering echoes in the left ventricular outflow tract. Diastolic fluttering of the aortic valve leaflets is specific echocardiographic evidence of aortic regurgitation due to flail aortic leaflets, and demonstration of diastolic fluttering of the aortic leaflets and diastolic fluttering echoes in the left ventricular outflow tracts is direct evidence of flail and prolapsed aortic leaflets.
对6例继发于连枷样主动脉瓣叶综合征的主动脉瓣反流患者进行了超声心动图、血管造影、手术及病理研究。连枷样主动脉瓣叶的病因在4例患者中为黏液瘤样变性，2例为细菌性心内膜炎。连枷样主动脉瓣叶的超声心动图表现为主动脉瓣叶回声舒张期扑动、收缩期主动脉瓣叶运动异常以及左心室流出道舒张期扑动回声。主动脉瓣叶舒张期扑动是连枷样主动脉瓣叶所致主动脉瓣反流的特异性超声心动图证据，而主动脉瓣叶舒张期扑动及左心室流出道舒张期扑动回声的显示是主动脉瓣叶连枷及脱垂的直接证据。
