Caselitz F H, Freitag V
Klin Wochenschr. 1977 Dec 15;55(24):1185-90. doi: 10.1007/BF01682283.
In spite of the successful treatment of bacteriological infections combined with progress in hospital hygiene there remain still problems of infective hospitalism in certain sections of the hospital. Generally, the causative bacteria are nosoparasites not being dangerous to human beings in good condition. From this point of view Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens are the most important species. A successful challenge against infective hospitalism is only possible under the supervision of the bacteriologist. It is his task to isolate and differentiate the bacteria and to carry out the sensitivity tests against antibiotics. Besides this, he has to treat epidemiological and hygienic problems. Special kinds of methods sometimes have to be used to find out the sources and the routes of spreading of the infections in a hospital e.g. bacteriophage typing, bacteriocin typing and analysis of the antigenic structure. Likewise, the transmission of bacteria by air has to be studied and continuous controlling measures and monitoring are required. The bacteriologist is also responsible for preparing hygiene instructions. There always has to exist a good cooperation between the bacteriologist, the clinical doctors, the nurses and the technical staff. The whole problem can only be handled by special teams.
尽管细菌感染的治疗取得了成功，且医院卫生状况有所改善，但医院某些科室仍存在医院感染问题。一般来说，病原菌是医院寄生菌，对健康人并不危险。从这一角度来看，铜绿假单胞菌和粘质沙雷氏菌是最重要的菌种。只有在细菌学家的监督下，才能成功应对医院感染问题。他的任务是分离和鉴别细菌，并进行抗生素敏感性试验。除此之外，他还必须处理流行病学和卫生问题。有时必须采用特殊方法来查明医院感染的来源和传播途径，例如噬菌体分型、细菌素分型以及抗原结构分析。同样，还必须研究细菌通过空气的传播情况，并需要持续的控制措施和监测。细菌学家还负责编写卫生指南。细菌学家、临床医生、护士和技术人员之间必须始终保持良好的合作。整个问题只能由专门的团队来处理。
