Metelev Valeriy G, Bogdanov Alexey A
Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
Biochemistry (Mosc). 2025 Nov;90(11):1553-1565. doi: 10.1134/S0006297925602503.
The review discusses the functional role of the ribosomal E-site in the context of recent structural data. Traditionally, the E-site has been considered to serve only as a binding site for deacylated tRNA (E-tRNA) prior to its dissociation from the protein synthesis complex. Here, we examine specific contacts formed between E-tRNA and rRNA of the large ribosomal subunit in different organisms, as well as the sequence of their formation and disruption. The mechanism of translation suppression by inhibitors that bind to the ribosomal E-site is discussed. Based on current evidence regarding the location of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) in the immediate vicinity of the ribosome, we propose a hypothesis that one of the primary functions of the ribosomal E-site is to prepare tRNA (through its modulation) for the formation of a specific complex with ARS, in the content of which it is released from the ribosome.
这篇综述结合近期的结构数据讨论了核糖体E位点的功能作用。传统上，E位点仅被视为脱酰基tRNA（E-tRNA）在从蛋白质合成复合物解离之前的结合位点。在此，我们研究了不同生物体中E-tRNA与大核糖体亚基的rRNA之间形成的特定接触，以及它们形成和破坏的顺序。还讨论了与核糖体E位点结合的抑制剂抑制翻译的机制。基于目前关于氨酰-tRNA合成酶（ARSs）在核糖体紧邻区域位置的证据，我们提出一个假说，即核糖体E位点的主要功能之一是（通过其调节作用）使tRNA为与ARS形成特定复合物做好准备，在此复合物中tRNA从核糖体释放。
